Energy
Energy is the ability to do work
Energy and it’s Laws
1 law: Energy is neither created nor destroyed
Converts from one form into another.
• 2 Law: When we use an energy source it
enters into a more disordered state. Energy
always tends to go from a more usable (higher-
quality) form to a less usable (lower-quality) form.
TYPES OF ENERGY
SOURCES
World Energy Consumption
Fossil Fuels and Alternative
Energy Sources
• 90% of the energy consumed in the US comes from fossil
fuels
• Petroleum, natural gas, and coal.
• They are essentially nonrenewable.
• Other sources of energy
• Include geothermal, nuclear, hydropower, and solar
• Referred to as alternative energy sources.
• Solar and wind, are not depleted by consumption and are known
as renewable energy.
Energy Consumption Globally
• Industrialized countries have a small percentage of
the world’s population, but consume a
disproportionate share of the total energy produced
in the world.
• E.g. US with only 5% of the world’s population, uses
approximately 25% of the total energy consumed.
Comparison of Per Capita Electricity and
Primary Energy Consumption
Source: Asif, 2011
Environmental Impact of
Energy sources.
Pakistan Energy Supply by
Source
(HDIP, 2010-2011)
Types of reserves.
• Proved reserves, consist of the reserves
“reasonably likely” to be producible using current
technology at current prices, with current
commercial terms and government consent.
proved developed/ proved
undeveloped
• proved developed which can be produced with
existing wells and perforations or reservoirs where
minimal additional investment is required, and
“proved undeveloped,” which require additional
capital investment (drilling new wells, installing
gas compression, etc.) to bring the oil and gas to
the surface.
Conventional versus
nonconventional sources
• In economic terms, conventional oil is oil that can
be extracted and produced under existing (or
foreseeable) technological and economic
conditions. Nonconventional resources are those
that are more difficult and expensive to put into
production.
What is the Energy Crisis?
• The energy crisis is the concern that the world’s
demands on the limited natural resources that are
used to power industrial society are diminishing as
the demand rises. These natural resources are in
limited supply
Causes of the Energy Crisis
Overconsumption
Overpopulation
Poor Infrastructure
Unexplored Renewable Energy Options
Delay in Commissioning of Power Plants
Poor Distribution System/Wastages
Major Accidents and Natural Calamities
Wars and Attacks
Effects of Energy Crisis
• Inflation
• Economic uncertainty
• Energy Poverty
• Increased Poverty
• Slow Infrastructural Development
• Resource Depletion
Energy Transition
Most countries in the world have embarked on an “energy
transition” – or are thinking about doing so – under the dual
influence of the realization that fossil fuels are a limited
resource, however long supplies might last, and, more
recently, the growing awareness that they are adversely
impacting the planet’s climate.
The term energy transition refers to the shift from current
energy production and consumption systems, which rely
primarily on non-renewable energy sources such as coal oil
and natural gas to more efficient low carbon energy mix.
Renewable Energy
Myths
Green Peace
Renewable Energy is too Expensive
Renewable energy is actually already cheaper than coal and
nuclear power at every step.
There are no input costs for wind and solar energy.
The Hidden Costs of Coal and Nuclear are not taken into
account such as the costs of water pollution, human health
impacts, the huge water footprint, and climate change.
Renewable energy can’t
supply electricity 24/7
The key to getting a constant supply of electricity from
renewable energy is to have a mix of sources: solar and wind
power, natural gas, and anaerobic digestion plants.
Renewable Energy is bad for
the environment
• Birds and bats
• Noise
• Land use
• Footprint of renewable
