WOLKITE UNIVERSITY

COLLAGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY THIRD YEAR

TEXTILE ENGINEERING
COURSE: YARN MANUFACTURING 2
TITLE:FRICTION SPINNING GROUP 2
No. Student Name Id Number
1. Marta Maskelo 553/11
2. Keminu Abdulkadir 484/11
3. Debela Mesarat 242/11
4. Dula Garomsa 278/11 Submitted To: Mr. Fekade Dejene.
5. Jamila Diga 457/11
6. Netsanet Getachew 666/11 Submission Date 3/26/2021
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3/26/2021
 Friction spinning

 The textile industry has witnessed some exciting innovations in spinning

machines.
 The machinery manufacturers had been looking for alternatives to ring
spinning.
 Rotor spinning technology is being adopted gradually in India to spin cotton
counts up to 24 Ne.

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 Cont…

Friction spinning is defined as an ‘open-end’ spinning method in which the yarn

formation takes place in the yarn forming zone,
 Consisting of two friction rollers with the aid of frictional forces.

The production speeds are limited with both ring and rotor spinning, the friction
spinning system has a low spinning tension,
And is therefore suitable for the production of yarn at high speeds of up to 500
meters per minute.

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 Objectives

The yarn produced is cleaner as the drums suction removes dust and trash
particles.
The system has automatic piecing and doffing.

Low end breakage rate and hence higher machine efficiency.

Optically good mass evenness (well suited to knitted goods).

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 Comparison
The properties of friction-spun yarns, ring-spun yarns and other yarns spun on modern
spinning systems have been compared by several authors.
maximum strength in wrap spinning followed by ring, air-jet, rotor and, friction
spinning in that order.
Mass regularity is comparable in air-jet, ring- and wrap-spun yarns but friction-spun
yarn, has a higher irregularity while rotor-spun yarn has a still higher irregularity.
The imperfections in friction-spun yarn are lower than in rotor but higher than in ring
and air-jet yarns.
Further, the friction-spun yarns are more hairy than all other yarns.

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 Principle of friction spinning

The fundamental difference between open-end friction spinning and, open-end rotor
spinning is the way in which fibres are collected and twisted onto the tail end of the
seed yarn.
 In friction spinning, the fibres are not collected to form a fibre ribbon that is then
twisted.
 Two rotating, perforated, cylindrical rollers insert the twist by frictional rolling of
the yarn tail while simultaneously twisting fibres onto the yarn tail.

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 Cont…

Friction spinning uses two friction surfaces to roll up fibres into a yarn.

The fibres flow freely to two rotating friction drums (they are also known as
spinning drums, friction rollers, torque rollers).
 The surfaces at the nip of the two drums move in opposite direction to twist the
fibres collected in the nip.

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 Cont…
The yarn is formed from inside
outwards, by the superimposition
of twisting of individual fibres.
The yarn is then withdrawn from
the nip to take-up package.

3/26/2021 Figure 2 Schematic representation of Principle of 8friction

spinning
 Cont…

3/26/2021 Figure 3 The detailed schematic diagram of friction spinning unit 9

 Cont…

An opening roller attenuates a feed sliver, which is then fed into the
groove formed by two perforated drums rotating in opposite directions.
 The fibres are held against the surface of the drums by suction.

The tail of the forming yarn is also held in the groove by suction,

 And as the individual fibres pass through the drums, they are bound to the
tail as a result of frictional forces generated.

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 Operating process
The operations to be carried out in this spinning process are the same as
opening of the fibre strand;

1. opening of the fibre strand;

2. acceleration of the fibres;

3. collecting the fibres into a new strand;

4. imparting strength by twisting;

5. withdrawal of the resulting yarn;

6. winding onto a cross-wound package.

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 Cont..
 The friction-spinning system is based on the principle of open-end spinning,
which consists of the following operations:

Feeding a sliver of fibers into the spinning system,

Separating the sliver into individual fibres (i.E. Opening),

Reassembling the individualized fibers,

Twisting the reassembled fibers to form the yarn

Winding the yarn onto a bobbin to form a yarn package.

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 Technological relationships
Feed
 Multiple-sliver feed improves evenness but also leads to high costs and the
need for a very high degree of opening.

Opening
 Opening is performed as for rotor spinning.

 In this case also, straightening of the released fibres and the degree of
longitudinal orientation are problematic,
 But these two aspects exert a strong influence on yarn characteristics.

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 Cont…
Fibre transport

The fibres can move to the collecting device in free flight (airborne) with
(Platt Saco Lowell Master spinner) or without (Dref-2000) guidance by a duct.
Free flight of the fibres without guidance in a duct leads to fibre
disorientation,
Which affects not only the yarn characteristics but also the spinning limits.

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 Cont…
Fibre collection:
The fibres are drawn by a suction airstream toward the collecting surface and the open
yarn end.
Fibre guidance can perhaps be classified into:
1. right-angle guidance (a);
2. forward guidance (b); and
3. backward guidance (c).

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 Cont…
Imparting twist :
The transfer of rotation to the yarn is dependent on the coefficient of friction
and the contact pressure;
Both these quantities are difficult to keep constant between spinning positions
and over time.
The apparent slip is variable.
 A notable characteristic of friction-spun yarn is therefore uncertainty about the
rate of imparting twist.

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 Cont…
This method of imparting twist exhibits remarkable advantages.
In friction spinning, one revolution of the twisting element can generate
several turns of twist.
Withdrawal and winding up:
 In contrast to most other spinning processes, yarn tension (and hence end
break frequency) is very low during withdrawal from the spinning zone.
 Tension therefore has no influence on the spinning limit.

 The yarn is wound up onto cross-wound packages so that, in comparison with

conventional spinning, rewinding is eliminated.

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 Cont…

Advantages are as follows: Disadvantages are:

1. high delivery speeds; 1. low yarn strength;

2. low yarn production costs (lower 2. high tendency to snarl;

than those of ring spinning); 3. higher number of fibres needed in

3. elimination of rewinding; yarn cross-section;

4. low end breakage rates; 4. difficulty of keeping spinning

conditions constant;
5. smooth yarn appearance.
5. high air consumption;

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 Cont…
Ring spinning and rotor spinning, friction spinning imposes very little tension
to the yarn.
 So the ends-down rate in friction spinning is very low and the yarn can be
withdrawn from the nip of the drums at a very high speed, say 250 m/min.
This makes friction spinning more productive than ring and rotor spinning.

friction spinning uses sliver feed and tooth drafting.

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 Cont…
Fibres opened by a toothed roller are directed towards the nip of the friction
drums, at a very high speed.
The fibres should then impinge on the friction surface that is entering the nip or
the rotating mass of fibres in the nip.
Having long fibres does not help yarn strength much in friction spinning.

Because:
 the long fibres buckle more readily than short ones, so their configurations
within the yarn structure may not be as good as shorter fibres.

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 Application fields for Friction spinning yarn

Blankets of all types for the home, hotels, hospitals, camping, military use and
plaids etc.
cleaning purposes, like rags and mops from cotton waste.

Fancy yarn for interior decoration and home textile like wall coverings,
draperies.
Used for filtration of liquid.

Leisure wears, pullovers, suits, and outwear fabrics.

Upholstery, table clothes, wall coverings, curtains, and other decorative

fabrics.

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 Summary
Friction Spinning is a textile technology that allows very heavy count yarns to be
manufactured.

 The yarn is then withdrawn from the nip to take-up package.

 Is based on open end spinning that is the fibers can opened individually using
opening rollers.

 It is better and softer handle than that of rotor spun yarn.

 Its operation principle is similar to rotor spinning.

 It has disorientation and non even twisting that leads it to the influence on yarn
character and spinning limit.
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 THANK YOU

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