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Week 9-Stat Data Processing

This document provides an overview of statistical data processing methods. It discusses processes like data collection, editing, coding, entry, cleaning, estimation, summarization, and inference. It compares using Excel and Access for tasks like simple editing and coding, data entry, more complex editing, estimation, frequency distributions, charts, and transferring data between programs. The strengths of each program are outlined, with Access generally better for data management tasks while Excel is better for summarization and visualization. Presenting results in other programs like Word and PowerPoint is also covered.

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Israel Pope
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
46 views

Week 9-Stat Data Processing

This document provides an overview of statistical data processing methods. It discusses processes like data collection, editing, coding, entry, cleaning, estimation, summarization, and inference. It compares using Excel and Access for tasks like simple editing and coding, data entry, more complex editing, estimation, frequency distributions, charts, and transferring data between programs. The strengths of each program are outlined, with Access generally better for data management tasks while Excel is better for summarization and visualization. Presenting results in other programs like Word and PowerPoint is also covered.

Uploaded by

Israel Pope
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CD 314: Research Methods

and Skills

STATISTICAL DATA
PROCESSING

Mr. John Lanata


Scope

 Initial situation  Processes


• Set of data • manual editing &
• Recorded on forms coding
 Objective • data capture
• Description • machine editing
• Sample
• estimation
• Population
• Inference • summarization
• From sample to • inference
population
• presentation
Methodological analysis

 Sample size
 Response rate
 Non-response bias
 Missing data
Manual editing

 Less done now than in days


before personal computers
became widespread
 Only those tasks that are not
feasible to be done by computer
need be done, eg.
• checking that all forms are present
• assessing legibility
Manual coding

 Needs to be done where data are


in textual form
 Process consists of allocating a
suitable code to each such data
item
 It may be necessary to develop
suitable code lists based on data
if not already done
Data entry/capture

 Process consists of entering data into


computer records, usually through a
keyboard
 Storage options include:
• Spreadsheet (eg. Excel)
• Database (eg. Access)
• Other programs
 Choice depends on volume &
complexity of data
Data entry into Excel

 Raw data should be kept in one


or more sheets
 Analysis etc. should be done in
other sheets or in other
workbooks
Data entry into Access

 May be done directly into one or


more tables
 Usually better to design special
forms for data entry
Machine editing

 Process consists of detecting and


possibly amending data that is or
may be incorrect
 Two main types of edit check:
validity & consistency
 Simple editing may be done in Excel
 Access queries enable much more
complex editing
Estimation

 Process consists of producing estimates


relating to population from sample data
 For self-weighting sample, estimates are
calculated directly from sample data
 Otherwise, suitable weights must be
calculated and applied to sample data
 These calculations more easily done in
Access than in Excel
Summarization

 Forms include:
• Frequency distributions (one or more
variables)
• Measures of central tendency
• Measures of dispersion
• Positional measures
• Correlation
• Regression
 Extent of multivariate tabulation is
constrained by sample size
Summarizing in Excel

 Frequency distribution for one variable


may be constructed by using Histogram
option
 Cumulative distribution may be easily
constructed with COUNTIF function
 Statistical functions use raw data as input
 If data available only in form of frequency
distribution, calculation tables may be set
up
Multivariate analysis in
Excel
 Bivariate & multivariate frequency
distributions are difficult to
construct in Excel
 Data Analysis option of Tools menu
enables more advanced multivariate
analysis of raw data, eg.
• multiple regression
• moving averages
Summarizing in Access

 Only few statistical functions


available
 Frequency distribution for one
variable may be easily constructed
by using Total query
 Bivariate & multivariate
frequency distributions may be
constructed by using Crosstab query
Inference in Excel &
Access
 Excel has many suitable
functions, eg.
• CHIDIST
• FDIST
• NORMDIST
• TDIST
 Access does not facilitate
inference
Inference in other
programs
 Many specialized statistical
programs available, eg.
• SPSS
• SAS
• Minitab
 These require some knowledge of
inference theory in order to choose
suitable tests & interpret them
Tabular presentation

 Simple tabulations may be


constructed in Excel
 Complex tabulations may be
constructed in Access by using
wizards
Graphical presentation

 Excel may be used to produce


wide range of charts
 Access does not produce charts
so easily
Joint use of Excel &
Access
 Each program has its relative
advantages
 Easy to transfer data between
Excel & Access
 Best to use both & transfer data
etc. between them as needed
Strengths of Access

 Generally best to use Access


for:
• data entry & storage
• machine editing
• complex estimation
• frequency distributions
Strengths of Excel

 Generally best to use Excel for:


• summarization
• inference
• charts
Overall presentation

 Easy to transfer tables & charts


from Access & Excel into:
• Word for full report
• PowerPoint for summary
presentation
OpenOffice programs

 Similar remarks apply to equivalent


programs in the OpenOffice suite,
which is available in some ITS labs
 Equivalent programs are:
MS OFFICE OPENOFFICE
Word <> Writer
Excel <> Calc
Access <> Base
PowerPoint <> Impress

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