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KSP Flow Instruments

Rotameters and turbine flow meters are examples of inferential flow meters that measure flow rate indirectly. A rotameter uses a float inside a tapered tube that reaches equilibrium at a position indicating flow rate. A turbine flow meter uses a pinwheel rotor whose rotation rate, sensed magnetically, corresponds to flow velocity. Coriolis flow meters detect the Coriolis force generated on fluid particles to directly measure mass flow rate. Vortex shedding flow meters use a bluff body to generate alternating vortices downstream, with the shedding frequency proportional to flow rate.

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36 views

KSP Flow Instruments

Rotameters and turbine flow meters are examples of inferential flow meters that measure flow rate indirectly. A rotameter uses a float inside a tapered tube that reaches equilibrium at a position indicating flow rate. A turbine flow meter uses a pinwheel rotor whose rotation rate, sensed magnetically, corresponds to flow velocity. Coriolis flow meters detect the Coriolis force generated on fluid particles to directly measure mass flow rate. Vortex shedding flow meters use a bluff body to generate alternating vortices downstream, with the shedding frequency proportional to flow rate.

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khanzulfi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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KSP

KNOWLEDGE SHARING PROGRAM


Topic- FLOW METERS
-:by:-
Mohammad Zulfequar Ali Khan
Dy. Manager -Quality E&I
(3.0 MTPA Blast Furnace Project, Nagarnar)
FLOW METERS TYPE
 Flow meter is a device that measures the rate of flow or quantity of a moving service in an
open or closed pipe. Flow measuring devices are generally classified into four groups.
They are :
1. Mechanical type flow meters. Fixed restriction variable head type flow meters using
different sensors like orifice plate, venturi tube, flow nozzle, pitot tube, mass flow meters
etc. fall under mechanical type flow meters.
2. Inferential type flow meters. Variable area flow meters (Rotameters), turbine
flow meter, target flow meters etc.
3. Electrical type flow meters. Electromagnetic flow meter, Ultrasonic flow meter,
Laser doppler Anemometers etc. fall under electrical type flow meters.
4. Other flow meters Vortex shedding flow meters, flow switches etc.
INFERENTIAL TYPE FLOW METER

 Inferential Flow Meters In the inferential type of flow metering techniques,


the out quantity flow rate is inferred from a characteristic effect of a related
phenomenon.
 ROTAMETER:-A rotameter is a device that measures the flowrate
of liquid or gas in a closed tube. It belongs to a class of meters
called variable area meters, which measure flow rate by allowing the cross-
sectional area the fluid travels through,
ROTAMETER
A Rotameter consists of a tapered tube, typically made of glass with a 'float', actually a
shaped weight, inside that is pushed up by the drag force of the flow and pulled down
by gravity.
 A higher volumetric flow rate through a given area increases flow speed and drag
force, so the float will be pushed upwards. However, as the inside of the Rotameter is
cone shaped (widens), the area around the float through which the medium flows
increases, the flow speed and drag force decrease until there is mechanical equilibrium
with the float's weight. It reaches a stable position in the tube when the forces are in
equilibrium.
The "float" have a higher density than the fluid, otherwise it will float to the top even if
there is no flow.
Advantages
 1. Low cost.

 2. Low pressure drop.

 3. Rangeability is better.

 4. It is suitable for small flow rates.

 5. It is easily equipped with alarms and switches or any transmitting devices.

 6. It also measures the flow rate of corrosive fluids.

 7. It can be used in some light slurry services.

Disadvantages
 1. It is difficult to handle the glass tube type.

 2. It must be mounted vertically.

 3. It is not suitable for pulsating services.


TURBINE FLOW METER
 Turbine flowmeters use the mechanical energy of the fluid to rotate a
“pinwheel” (rotor) in the flow stream. The rotor shaft spins on bearings.
When the fluid moves faster, the rotor spins proportionally faster. Shaft
rotation can be sensed mechanically or by detecting the movement of the
blades. Blade movement is often detected magnetically, with each blade or
embedded piece of metal generating a pulse. When the fluid moves faster,
more pulses are generated. The transmitter processes the pulse signal to
determine the flow of the fluid.
TURBINE FLOW METER

 An external pickoff senses the passing of each rotor blade, generating a


frequency output. The frequency is directly proportional to the velocity of the
fluid, and because the flow passage is fixed, the turbine's rotational speed is
a true representation of the volumetric rate of fluid flowing through the
flowmeter . Magnetic pickoff is used to sense the rotation of the turbine
rotor and provide an electrical output that is proportional to the flow rate. 
CORIOLIS FLOW METER
CORIOLIS

 Coriolis forces Fc are generated in oscillating systems when a liquid or a gas


moves away from or towards an axis of oscillation.
 A Coriolis measuring system is of symmetrical design and consists of one or
two measuring tubes, either straight or curved.
 When the flow velocity v = 0 m/s / 0 ft/s, the Coriolis force Fc is also 0. At
flowing conditions, i. e. flow velocity v > 0 m/s / 0 ft/s, the fluid particles in
the product are accelerated between points AC and decelerated between
points CB.
 The Coriolis force Fc is generated by the inertia of the fluid particles
accelerated between points AC and of those decelerated between points CB
 This force causes an extremely slight distortion of the measuring tube, and
is directly proportional to the mass flowrate. This distortion is picked up by
special sensors.
VORTEX FLOW METER
 In this flow measurement ,it involves placing a bluff body (called a shedder
bar) in the path of the fluid. As the fluid passes this bar, disturbances in the
flow called vortices are created. The vortices trail behind the cylinder,
alternatively from each side of the bluff body.
 The frequency at which these vortices alternate sides is essentially
proportional to the flow rate of the fluid. Inside, downstream of the shedder
bar is a sensor for measuring the frequency of the vortex shedding. This
sensor is often a piezoelectric crystal, which produces a small, but
measurable, voltage pulse every time a vortex is created. Since the frequency
of such a voltage pulse is also proportional to the fluid velocity, a volumetric
flow rate is calculated using the cross sectional area of the flow meter. 
THANKS FOR YOUR
PARTICIPATION

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