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Digital Modulation System

This document discusses digital modulation techniques. It introduces digital modulation as a way to superimpose digital data on analog carrier signals by changing the amplitude, frequency or phase of the carrier signal based on the binary data. It then describes three common digital modulation techniques: Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK), Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), and Phase Shift Keying (PSK). For each technique, it provides mathematical representations and examples to illustrate how the digital data modulates the carrier signal. It also compares the advantages and disadvantages of each technique.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
102 views

Digital Modulation System

This document discusses digital modulation techniques. It introduces digital modulation as a way to superimpose digital data on analog carrier signals by changing the amplitude, frequency or phase of the carrier signal based on the binary data. It then describes three common digital modulation techniques: Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK), Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), and Phase Shift Keying (PSK). For each technique, it provides mathematical representations and examples to illustrate how the digital data modulates the carrier signal. It also compares the advantages and disadvantages of each technique.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4

Digital modulation Techniques

4.1
4.1 Introduction
 The digital data we have after encoding is baseband in nature
Low power
Large bandwidth
May not be suitable for transmission over the available transmission
media .
The solution is to superimpose digital data on analogue carrier
signals
 Idea is similar to the analogue modulation schemes we have studied
Digital data, more specifically, the binary data changes the properties
of the carrier signal
Amplitude
Frequency and
Phase


4.2
4.1 Cont’d
Today the conventional modulation systems are being replaced
with modern digital modulation systems due to following reasons
Ease of processing
Ease of multiplexing
Noise and etc.
Application of digital modulated systems are
Relatively Low Speed Voice Band Data Communications such
as dial-up modems
High Speed Digital Transmission Systems such as Broadband
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
Digital Microwave and Satellite Communication Systems
Cellular telephone, Personal Communication Systems (PCS)
GSM, GPRS, EDGE, EVO, WiMAX, 3G, 4G!

4.3
4.1 Digital Modulation
In digital modulation, an analog carrier signal is modulated by a
discrete signal

Changing amplitude, frequency or phase in proportional to the


binary data, produces digital modulated signal called
Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
Phase Shift Keying (PSK)

4.4
4.1 Digital Modulation

4.5
4.2 Amplitude Shift Keying
ASK is implemented by changing the amplitude of a carrier signal
to reflect amplitude levels in the digital signal
For example
The carrier signal amplitude A1 can represent the binary “1” while
amplitude A2 can represent binary “0” .
Mathematically, ASK can be represented as

A special case of ASK, one of the two bits is represented by an


absence of the carrier signal is called On/Off Keying (OOK)

4.6
4.2 Amplitude Shift Keying

4.7
4.2 Amplitude Shift Keying

4.8
4.2 Amplitude Shift Keying
For the general case
A = amplitude for the carrier signal
vm(t) = NRZ encoded binary data
fc = carrier frequency
Example: Sketch the ASK waveform for the following binary data
110000111010

Bit rate “Rb”


The number bits transmitted over the transmission medium in one
second
Baud (rate) “Rs”
The number of modulated symbols transmitted over the
transmission medium in one second
Also called symbol rate

4.9
4.2 Amplitude Shift Keying
Bit rate and baud (rate) are related as

where,
k = number of bits transmitted per modulated symbol

Let us transmit two bits per modulated symbol!

4.10
4.2 Amplitude Shift Keying

4.11
4.2 Amplitude Shift Keying

4.12
4.2 Amplitude Shift Keying
Example: Sketch the 4-ASK waveform for the following binary data
110000111010
(for the sketch, assume fc = 1 Hz)
Note: 2-ASK is also called Binary ASK, since it has two amplitude
levels

4.13
4.2 Amplitude Shift Keying
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
ASK transmitter and receiver are simple to design
Disadvantages
ASK transmission can be easily corrupted by noise! Why?
M-ary ASK (multi-level ASK) needs a much greater power to
transmit
How and why is that problem?
We have to move on to FSK, PSK and QAM

4.14
4.3 Frequency Shift Keying
 FSK is implemented by changing the frequency of a carrier signal
to reflect amplitude levels in the digital signal
 For example
 A carrier frequency f1 can represent the binary “1” while carrier
frequency f2 can represent binary “0”
 Mathematically, FSK can be represented as

 Binary FSK uses two carrier frequencies and can transmit 1 bit at
a time
 M-ary FSK can be used to transmit a greater number of bits at a
given time

4.15
4.3 Frequency Shift Keying

4.16
4.3 Frequency Shift Keying

4.17
4.3 Frequency Shift Keying
For the general case
A = amplitude for the carrier
signal
vm(t) = NRZ encoded binary
data
Δf = f2-f1
FSK is more robust to the effects of noise as compared to
ASK
FSK requires a larger bandwidth for transmission as compared
to ASK
Bandwidth is expensive

4.18
4.4 Phase Shift Keying
 BPSK is implemented by changing the Phase of a carrier signal
to reflect amplitude levels in the digital signal
 Two phases to present binary digits, for example

4.19
4.4 Phase Shift Keying

4.20
4.4 Phase Shift Keying
Four Level PSK (QPSK): Each level represents more than one bit

4.21
4.4 Phase Shift Keying
Phasor Diagram

4.22
4.4 Phase Shift Keying
Phase of carrier signal is shifted to represent data
Binary PSK
Two phases represent two binary digits
Differential PSK
Phase shifted relative to previous transmission rather than some
reference signal
Different Phase Shift Keying
Phase shift with reference to previous bit
Binary 0 – Signal Burst of same phase as previous signal burst
Binary 1 – Signal Burst of opposite phase as compare to previous
signal burst

4.23
4.4 Phase Shift Keying
DSPK Figure

4.24
4.4 Phase Shift Keying
Draw the output wave form of following data 010101001 into
 ASK
BPSK
DPSK

4.25

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