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Transmission Error in Wireless System

Transmission errors can occur in wireless systems from various sources of loss. There are three main types of propagation losses: free space losses due to signal spreading through space, atmospheric losses from absorption by gases, and ionospheric effects from interacting with layers of electrons in the ionosphere. Atmospheric losses include attenuation from scattering of signals by hydrometeors like rain and clouds as well as absorption. Heavy rain can cause severe attenuation problems. The ionosphere can cause polarization rotation of signals as radio waves pass through moving layers of electrons.

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Anurag Rana
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23 views

Transmission Error in Wireless System

Transmission errors can occur in wireless systems from various sources of loss. There are three main types of propagation losses: free space losses due to signal spreading through space, atmospheric losses from absorption by gases, and ionospheric effects from interacting with layers of electrons in the ionosphere. Atmospheric losses include attenuation from scattering of signals by hydrometeors like rain and clouds as well as absorption. Heavy rain can cause severe attenuation problems. The ionosphere can cause polarization rotation of signals as radio waves pass through moving layers of electrons.

Uploaded by

Anurag Rana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TRANSMISSION ERROR IN

WIRELESS SYSTEM
TRANSMISSION ERROR
• 1. TRANSMISSION LOSSES
• In any satellite transmission, there are always losses from various
sources. Some of
• those losses may be constant, others are dependent of statistical data
and others vary
• with the weather conditions, especially with rain.
• 1.1 PROPAGATION LOSSES
• There are three major issues to take into account as far as propagation losses
concern.
• · Free space losses.
• · Atmospheric losses.

• FREE SPACE LOSSES


• Free space loss is the dominant component in the loss of the strength of the
signal. It
• doesn’t refer to attenuation of signal, but to its spreading through space.
• 1.1.2 ATMOSPHERIC LOSSES
• This kind of losses derives from the absorption of energy by
atmospheric gases. They
• can assume two different types:
• · Atmospheric attenuation;
• · Atmospheric absorption
• Attenuation
• As radio waves cross troposphere, radio frequency energy will be
converted into
• thermal energy and that attenuates signal. They will also be scattered into
various directions which means that there is a small
• percentage that doesn’t reach the receiver antenna at the ground station.
The main
• Scatterer particles in troposphere are hydrometeors like raindrops, hail,
ice, fog or
• Clouds.
• Rain attenuation
• It makes no sense to determine the attenuation caused by rainfall
because they will be
• very punctual events, since rain only causes severe attenuation in
situations of heavy
• rain.
• IONOSPHERIC EFFECTS

• All radio waves transmitted by satellites to the Earth or vice versa must pass through the
Ionosphere.
• Free electrons are distributed in layers and clouds of electrons may be formed
These effects include:

• Polarization rotation-:
• When a radio wave passes through the ionosphere, it contacts the layers of ionized electrons
that move according to the Earth’s magnetic field.
• . The direction of these electrons move will no longer be parallel to the electric field of the
wave and therefore the polarization is shifted.

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