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Concept of Taxonomy

The document discusses the concept of taxonomy and its history. Taxonomy is the scientific classification of organisms based on their similarities and differences. It was developed to help study the great diversity of life. Key figures in the development of taxonomy include Aristotle, Theophrastus, Linnaeus, who is considered the father of taxonomy for introducing the binomial nomenclature system, and Bentham and Hooker who introduced the natural system of classification.

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Bhuwan Ghimire
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256 views

Concept of Taxonomy

The document discusses the concept of taxonomy and its history. Taxonomy is the scientific classification of organisms based on their similarities and differences. It was developed to help study the great diversity of life. Key figures in the development of taxonomy include Aristotle, Theophrastus, Linnaeus, who is considered the father of taxonomy for introducing the binomial nomenclature system, and Bentham and Hooker who introduced the natural system of classification.

Uploaded by

Bhuwan Ghimire
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Concept of taxonomy

• World posses a great diversity of living organism in the world.

• It is impossible to study all organisms in the world.

• Thus, it would be easy to study by grouping organisms according to


similarity and differences.

• To make the study of diversed organism, concept of taxonomy is


developed
Taxonomy
Greek language, taxis-arrangement or classification

nomas- laws or rules

 Literally, taxonomy is known as law of arrangement of organisms in


accordance with similarities and dissimilarities of an organisms.

Term ‘ Taxonomy’ was first coined by French botanist A.P. de


candolle in 1813

 Carlous Linnaeus is known as father of taxonomy


Systematics
 Systematics is scientific study of classification of organism on the
basis of evolutionary and other relationship.
 It includes taxonomy, classification, identification, nomenclature and
diversity.
1. Classification: arrangement of organisms into definite group on the
basis of some character
2. Description : providing characteristic features to a taxon.
3. Identification: finding correct position of unknown organisms. It can
be done by aid of literature or key book.
4. Nomenclature: formal naming of taxa as per rule and procedures.
History of taxonomy
• Biologist from ancient times made simple attempts to work out a
scientific method of classification of organisms.

1. Aristotle (384-322BC):

• Greek philosopher and biologist of 4th century BC.

• Classified organisms into plants and animals on the basis of


morphological similarities.

• Created group and species


2. Theophratus (370-285):
• Father of botany, pteridology, lichenology.
• Greek philosopher
• Classified on the basis of form and texture into herbs, under shrubs,
shrub and trees.
• Distinguished plants on the basis life span into annual, biennial or
perennial plants.
• Also distinguished between flowering and non- flowering plants.
• Classified 480 plants in book entitled Historia planatarum (enquiry to
plants).
3. Charaka (1st century AD):
• Father of Ayurveda
• Classified 340 plants and 200 animals on the basis of medical
importance's in the book (charaka samhita).
4. John ray (1627-1705AD):
• Listed 18000 plant species from various parts of Europe and
described them in 3 volume book “Historia Generalis Plantarum”
• Introduced modern concept of species and Natural system of
classification based on morphological similarities.
5. Carlous Linnaeus (1707-1778):
• Father of taxonomy
• Classified 5,900 species of plants in his book “Species
planetarium” (1753)
• Also listed 4,326 species of animals and classified into
6 classes i.e., mammal, birds, amphibians, fishes,
insects and worms in his book “Systema naturae”
• Gave a scientific system of using 2 words to name
organism i.e., bionomial system of nomenclature
6. George Bentham( 1800-1884) and Dalton Hooker (1817-1911):
• Introduced new system of classification called natural system of
classification in book “ Genera Plantarum”
7. Augustin pyramus de candolle (1778-1841):
• Presented new classification of plants in his book “ Theory
climentaire”

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