Presentation of Information Technology
Presented To:
Sir Salman Ashar
Group Members:
• Mirza Ali Raza. 90
• Syed Ali Kamran. 50
• [Link] Tayar. 48
• Hussain zain-ul- abiden. 85
• Amjad Abbas. 71
• Samiullah warrich. 62
• Raja shoaib Azam 59
Presentation Outline:
Networks.(LAN,MAN,WAN)
Interconnecting/Linking Devices
Signals.
Network:
A computer network is a system for
communication between computers.
Components of Networks:
People.
Hard ware.
Software.
connectivity.
Procedure.
Network Diagram:
Local Area Network:
A local area network is data communication
system in a limited geographical area. Like a
home, office, or small group of buildings
Metro-Politan Area Network:
A Metro-politan area network is a network
designed to extend over an entire city.
Wide Area Network:
A wide area network provides long distance
transmission of data over a large geographical areas
Comprising a country,a continent or the whole world.
The most well-known example of a WAN is the Internet.
Network Topology:
. The logical layout of the cables and
devices that connects the nodes of a
computer.
Types of Topologies:
Star Topology.
Bus Topology.
Ring Topology.
Mesh topology.
Tree Topology.
Hybrid Topology.
Bus Topology:
All devices are connected to a central
cable, called the bus or backbone.
Star Topology:
All devices are connected to a central
[Link] communicate across the
network by passing data through the
hub.
Ring Topology:
All devices are connected to one another in
the shape of a closed loop, so that each
device is connected directly to two other
devices, one on either side of it.
Mesh Topology:
In a true mesh topology every node has a
connection to every other node in the network
Tree Topology:
Tree topologies integrate multiple star
topologies together onto a bus.
Hybrid Topology:
A hybrid topology is always produced when
two different basic network topologies are
connected. Two common examples for Hybrid
network are: star ring network and star bus
network.
Linking devices:
A type of linking mechanism needed to
interconnect at least two [Link] are used
to create a network. For example Cables,Switches
or Hubs.
Connecting Devices
Networking Devices
Networking Devices Internetworking Devices
Internetworking
Devices
Repeater Bridges Routers Gateways
Repeaters Bridges Routers
Gateways
Repeaters :
A network device used to regenerate or replicate
a signal. Repeaters are used in transmission
systems to regenerate analog or digital signals
distorted by transmission loss.
Bridges :
A Bridge is an interface used to connect the
same types of networks.
Bridges Diagram:
Types of Bridges:
1) Simple Bridge
1) Multipoint Bridge
2) Transparent / Learning Bridge
Router :
A Router is a special computer that directs
communicating messages when several
networks are connected together.
Routing:
Routing concepts
Least cost Routing
Non adaptive Routing
Adaptive Routing
Gateways:
A Gateway is an interface permitting
communication between dissimilar
networks.
Other Devices:
• Multiprotocol Routers
• Brouters
• Switches
MULTIPROTOCOL ROUTERS:
Multiprotocol routers have been designed
to route packets belonging to two or more
protocols
BROUTER:
A Brouter is a single protocol or multi protocol
router that sometimes acts as a router and sometimes
as a bridge.
Switches :
Switches are the hardware or software devices
capable of creating temporary links between two or
more devices linking to the switch but not to each.
Hubs:
A Hub is the simple connection point for different
type of devices on a network. It sends all the data to
all devices connected to it.
Nodes:
Any device that is attached to a network.A node
may be a microcomputer,terminal,storage
device or peripheral device which enhance the
usefulness of the network.
Signals:
The electronic transformation of data and
information through a medium is called signal.
Types of Signals:
i) Analog signal.
ii) Digital signal.
Analog signals:
The transformation of data in the form of waves.
Digital signals:
The signals which travels in form of 0s and 1s .
Periodic signal:
Periodic signals consist of a
continuously repeated pattern.
Aperiodic signal:
Aperiodic signals consist of a non repeated pattern.
Types of Analog signal:
Simple signal.
Composite signal.
Simple Signal:
A simple analog signals consist of a single sine
wave or a single frequency signals.
Composite signals:
The signals which composed of more than one sine
waves having different frequencies.
Frequency spectrum and bandwidth:
The frequency spectrum of a signals is
the collection of all the component
frequencies that it contain .
The bandwidth of a signal is the width of
frequency spectrum.
Digital Signal:
The signals which travels in form of 0s and 1s .
Bit interval and bit rate:
The bit interval is the time required
to send a single bit.
The bit rate is number of bit intervals per
second,usually expressed in bits per second.
Any Questions?
Thank You.
