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Introduction: Biology Today: Powerpoint Lectures For

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52 views

Introduction: Biology Today: Powerpoint Lectures For

Uploaded by

Arnold Zhang
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1

Introduction: Biology Today

PowerPoint® Lectures for


Essential Biology, Third Edition
– Neil Campbell, Jane Reece, and Eric Simon
Essential Biology with Physiology, Second Edition
– Neil Campbell, Jane Reece, and Eric Simon

Lectures by Chris C. Romero


Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Biology and Society:
Living in a Golden Age of Biology
• We are living in a golden age
of biology.
– Modern biology is as
important as it is inspiring,
with exciting
breakthroughs changing
our very culture.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings


The Scope of Life
• Biology is the
scientific study of
life.
• The phenomenon
we call life defies
a simple, one-
sentence
definition.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings


Life at Its Many Levels
Cell: smallest unit of life
Tissue: group of similar
cells performing a function
Organ: group of tissues
performing a function
Organ System: group of organs
working together for a specific
function
Organism: Individual living thing
Population: group of organisms
living together
Community: all living things in
an area
Ecosystem: living things and
inorganic components of an area
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
The Process of Science
• Science…
– is a way of knowing.

– developed from
people’s curiosity
about themselves and
the world around
them.
– is observable and
measurable

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings


Hypothesis-Driven (Discovery) Science
• As a formal
process of
inquiry, the
scientific
method consists
of a series of
steps.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings


Hypothesis-Driven Science
• A hypothesis is a tentative answer to some
question, often stated in an “If, then” format
• Once a hypothesis is formed, an investigation can
use deductive logic to test the hypothesis.
• In the process of science, the deduction usually
takes the form of predictions about experimental
results.
• Then the hypothesis is tested by performing an
experiment to see whether results support it or not

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings


Figure 1.19
Controlled Experiment
Only change one variable
Control Groups
• Positive Control: where you “know” something will happen
• Negative Control: where you expect nothing to happen
Experimental Group
Make sure your experiment is repeatable
Collect Data
• Quantitative Data: numbers
• Qualitative Data: descriptions
See if your hypothesis is supported
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Controlled Experiment - Variables
Independent: The
one you’re
changing for your
experiment
Dependent: The
one(s) you’re
measuring; the
results

Why not change the


batteries and the
bulb at the same
time?
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Case Study: Can Colors
Protect a Snake?
Observation:
Mimicry in King
snakes
Question: Function
of mimicry?
Hypothesis: ?
Experiment: testing
predation on colored
snake models
Results: Conclusion? Hypothesis supported?
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
• Biologists developed a hypothesis regarding
mimicry in snakes.

If mimicry is protective (independent variable)

and we test attacks on differently colored snake


models, (what you’ll do for your experiment)

then the plain snakes will be attacked more often than


the ringed snakes. (what data I’ll see if the “If” of my
hypothesis is true)

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

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