Scribd
Upload
117 views

Instructional Methods and Settings

This document discusses various instructional methods for teaching including lecture, group discussion, demonstration, simulation, and self-instruction. It defines each method and compares their advantages and limitations. The key factors to consider when selecting instructional methods are the learning objectives, learner characteristics, available resources, and the teacher's strengths. Proper selection of instructional methods is important for effective teaching as a nurse educator.

Uploaded by

Teh Dxj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
117 views

Instructional Methods and Settings

This document discusses various instructional methods for teaching including lecture, group discussion, demonstration, simulation, and self-instruction. It defines each method and compares their advantages and limitations. The key factors to consider when selecting instructional methods are the learning objectives, learner characteristics, available resources, and the teacher's strengths. Proper selection of instructional methods is important for effective teaching as a nurse educator.

Uploaded by

Teh Dxj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 50

Chapter 11

Instructional Methods and


Settings
Instructional Strategy
• Definition
Is the overall plan that for teaching and
learning experience that involves used of
one or several method ofd instructions
to achieve the desired learning outcomes
(Rothwell & Kazans 2004)
Instructional Methods

Definition
•Techniques or approaches that the teacher uses
to bring the learner in contact with the content to
be learned
•The way information is thought that bring the
learner in contact with the content to be learned
Different Instructional Methods

• Lecture • Gaming
• Group Discussion • Simulation
• One-to-One Instruction • Role-playing
• Demonstration • Role-modeling
• Return Demonstration • Self-instruction
Is there one perfect Instructional
Method to teach all learners in all
settings?
Decision about which method to use must be based on
consideration of such major factors as:

•Audience characteristics
•Learning Style
•Educator expertise
•Objectives of learning
•Potential for achieving learning outcomes
•Cost effectiveness
•Instructional setting
•Evolving technology
Lecture
• Definition
– An instructional method in which the teacher
verbally transmits information directly to groups
of learners for the purpose of education. It is
highly structured.
Components of Lecture

• Introduction
• Body
• Conclusion
• Presentation of the lecture must be
adher to the follwing general guideline
(Evans 2000)
• Do not put all content on the slide ,but
include only the key concepts
• Use large font possible
• Do not exceed 25 words per slide
• Choose colors that provide a high level
of contrast between background and text
• Use graphics for presenting large
amount of numerical data
• Do not overdue the use of action figures,
which can distract the audience
• Make sure that all audiovisual material is
functional
• Advantages • Limitations

– Cost effective – Not individualized


– Targets large groups – Passive learners
– Useful for cognitive
domain learning
Group Discussion

• Definition
– An instructional method in which learners
are together to exchange information,
feelings, and opinions with each other and
the teacher to achieve educational
objectives
• Advantages • Limitations

– Stimulates sharing of – Shy member does not


ideas and emotions participate
– Active learners – Dominant member
– Useful for cognitive overwhelms the group
and affective domains – Highly diverse groups
of learning may have difficulty
interacting
One-to-One Instruction

• Definition

– An instructional method in which the


teacher delivers personally designed
instruction to a learner.
• Advantages • Limitations

– Active learner – Can be expensive


– Tailored to individua because it is labor
l’s needs and goals intensive
– Useful for all three – Isolates learner
learning domains
Demonstration
• Definition

– An instructional method in which the


learner is shown by the teacher how to
perform a particular skill
• Advantages • Limitations

– Previews exact skill – May be expensive


for the learner because all learners
– Useful for need to easily visualize
psychomotor domain skill. This requires use
learning of technology or small
groups.
Return Demonstration

• Definition
– An instructional method in which the
learner attempts to perform a skill with cues
from the teacher as needed
• Advantages • Limitations

– Active learner – Viewing individual


– Individual guidance performance is labor
– Useful for intensive
psychomotor domain
learning
Gaming
• Definition
• An instructional method requiring the
learner to participate in a competitive
activity with preset rules to achieve an
educational objective
• Games can be simple or they can be
more complex to challenge the
learner’s ability to use higher order
problem-solving and critical thinking
strategies
• The goal is for the learners to win a game
by applying knowledge and rehearsing
skills previously learned.
• Advantages • Limitations

– Active learner – Too competitive for


– Perceived as “fun” by some learners
many learners
– Useful for all three
domains of learning
Simulation
• Definition
– A trial-and-error method of teaching
requiring creation of a hypothetical or
artificial experience to engage the learner in
an activity that reflects real-life conditions
without the risk-taking consequences of an
actual situation
Types of Simulation

• Written simulation e.g case studies


• Clinical simulation e.g mock caediac
arrest
• Model simulation
• Computer simulation
• Advantages • Limitations

– Active learners – Labor intensive


– Practice “reality” in a – Costs of equipment
safe setting
– Useful for cognitive
and psychomotor
domains of learning
Role-Playing
• Definition
– An instructional method where learners
participate in an unrehearsed dramatization
to elicit their feelings to achieve affective
domain objectives
• The responsibility of the teacher is to
design a situation with enough
information for learners to be able to
assume the role of some one else
without actually giving them a script to
follow
• For role playing to be employed
effectively, the teacher must be sure
that the group has attained a comfort
level that allows each member to feel
secure enough to participate in a
dramatization
• Advantages • Limitations

– Active learner – Learner can


– Develops exaggerate or under-
“understanding” of develop the role
others
– Useful for affective
domain learning
Role-Modeling
• Definition

– An instructional method in which the teacher


“models” or exhibits behaviors that the
learner may imitate or adopt as he or she is
socialized into a role. Learning from role-
modeling is called identification and
emanates from socialization theories.
• Advantages • Limitations

– Helps with – Requires rapport


socialization into role between teacher and
– Useful for affective learner
domain learning
Self-Instruction
• Definition
– An instructional method to provide activities
that guide the learner in independently
achieving the educational objectives
– Such as self instructional package,
individualized activities , programmed
instruction
• Each self -instruction module need to
contain the following elements:
• An introduction and statement of
propose
• A list of pre-requisite skills
• A list of behavioral objectives
• A pretest
• An identification of learning resources
and learning activities
• Periodic self-asesement
• A posttest
• Advantages • Limitations

– Self-paced – Learner may


– Cost-effective procrastinate
– Consistent – Requires literacy
– Useful for cognitive
domain learning
Factors in Selection of
Instructional Methods

• What are the predetermined objectives?


• What are the characteristics of the
targeted audience?
• What resources are available?
• What are the teacher’s strengths and
limitations?
Evaluation of Instructional Methods
Creative Techniques to Enhance
Verbal Presentations
• Enthusiasm
• Humor
• Risk-taking
• Drama
• Problem-solving
• Role-modeling
• Anecdotes
• Technology
General Principles for All Teachers
• Give positive reinforcement.
• Project acceptance/sensitivity.
• Be organized, give direction.
• Elicit and provide feedback.
• Use questioning.
• Know your audience.
• Use repetition and pacing.
• Summarize key points.
Instructional Settings

• Healthcare setting
• Health-related setting
• Non-healthcare setting
Summary

• Instructional Methods and Settings


module has presented in-depth review
of the various instructional methods and
compared the advantages and
limitations of each approach
• As a nurse educator you have the
responsibility to select proper methods
that match the learner characteristics
,behavioral objectives , teacher
characteristics and available recourses

You might also like