FIRE PROTECTION &

PREVENTION
BY:
ROBIE PETER ABSUELO
ROLAND QUIAO
ROLAND PAHAYAC
Section 1.0 General Requirements

 1.1 Scope - The provision of the Fire Protection and Prevention to and govern the following:
a. All private or public buildings, facilities, structures and their premises, constructed, existing and
proposed.
b. Storage, handling or use of combustible, flammable, toxic, explosives and other hazardous materials.
c. Applications of Fire safety construction, automatic fire suppressions and fire protective equipment
or systems.
.
1.2 General Safety Requirements. Structure or Facility the owner of any building,
structure; facility shall install, provide, incorporate, adopt and maintain under
operable and usable conditions the automatic fire protection devices, equipment,
fire safety construction, and warning system.

 1.3 Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to provide a reasonable degree of

protection for life and property from fire through the installation of the
appropriate type of fire protection for the different buildings, structures or
facilities
Section 2.0 Indoor General Storage

 2.1 Application and Scope - The standard applies to storage, 6.40 m or less in height, of
commodities which with their packaging and storage aids would classify as ordinary
combustibles.

other standards for the following storage occupancies:

a. Rack storage of Materials over 12 ft. (3.66 m) in height in racks, and
storage up to and including 25 feet (7.62 m) in height and storage over 25
feet (7.62 m) in height.
Commodity Classification
1. Class I Commodity is defined as essentially non-combustible product on
wood pallets, or in ordinary corrugated cartons with or without single
thickness dividers, or in ordinary paper wrappings, all on wood pallets
(Metal products, Foods).
2. Class II Commodity is defined as Class I products in slatted wooden
crates, solid wooden boxes, or equivalent combustible packaging
materials on wood pallets.
3. class Ill Commodity is defined as wood, paper, natural fiber cloth, plastic products on
wood pallets, products may be contain a limited amount of plastics
4. class IV Commodity is defined as class I, II, Ill products containing an appreciable
amount of plastics in paper board cartons on wood pallets
 b. Fire Protection Standard for Storage of Rubber Tires. This provision contained in
this standard apply to new facilities for tire storage and when converting existing facilities
to tire storage occupancy.
 c. Fire Protection Standard for the Storage of Roll Paper. The purpose of this standard
is to provide a reasonable degree of protection for the storage of roll paper when stored in
buildings or structures through installation requirements based upon sound engineer
principles and test data
Classification of Roll Paper:
Heavy Weight Class, Medium Weight Class, Light Weight Class
2.2 Definitions

 Available Height for Storage - The maximum height at which commodities, packaging or storage
can be stored above the floor and still maintain adequate clearance from structural members and the
required clearance below sprinklers.
 Ordinary Combustibles - This term designates commodities, packages or storage aids which have
hats of combustion kilojoules per kilogram similar to wood, cloth or paper and which produce fires
that may normally be extinguished by the quenching and cooling effect of water.
 Exposure - The exterior presence of combustibles which, if ignited, could cause storage building or
its contents.
 Fire Wall - A wall designed to prevent the spread of fire having a fire resistance rating of not less
than four hours and having sufficient structural stability under fire conditions to allow collapse of
construction on either side without collapse of wall.
 Horizontal Channel - Any uninterrupted space in excess of 1524 m in length between horizontal
layers of stored commodities
 Non-combustibles - This term designates commodities, packaging or storage aids which will not ignite,
bum or liberate flammable gases when heated to a temperature of 749' for five minutes.
 Packaging - This term designates any commodity wrapping, cushioning or container.
 storage Aids - This term designates commodity storage devices such as shelves, pallets, dunnage, decks,
platforms, trays, bins, separators and skids.
 Warehouse - Any building or area within a building used principally for the storage of commodities.
 Class A Fire - Fire involving ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber and
plastics .
 Class B Fire - Fire in flammable liquids and gases.
 Class C Fire - Fire involving energized electrical equipment.
 Class D Fire - Fire involving combustible metals, such as magnesium, sodium, potassium, titanium and
other similar metals.
 Shall - Indicate a mandatory requirement.
 Should - Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not require.
2.3 Classification of Storage

 a. Type I Storage - storage aids are stored over 4,550 mm but not more than 6,400 mm
high in solid piles or over 3,650 mm but not more than 6,400 mm high in piles that
contain horizontal channels.
 b. Type II Storage - storage aids are stored not over 4,500 mm high in solid piles or not
over 3,650 mm high in piles that contain horizontal channels.
 c. Type Ill Storage - General commodity storage that is subject to frequent changing and
storage of combustible packaging and storage aids is excluded from this category.
2.4 Building Arrangement

 a. Construction - One-storey buildings without basement storage areas are preferable for warehouses because of greater
efficiency for fire fighting and salvage operations.
 b. Areas - Fire areas of warehouses should be limited to maintain the total value of the commodity within reasonable limits
yet not be too restrictive for low value commodities.
 c. Ventilation - Consideration should be given to the provision of roof vents and curtain boards.
 d. Protection of Stairways and Shafts - Stairways and other vertical shafts shall be enclosed with fire-resistive construction.
 E. Natural Ventilation -  the process of pulling fresh air into a building from the outside.
 F. Mechanical Ventilation - The purpose is then to prevent or limit the spread of fire gases (or fire) to such an adjacent space.
 G. Standby Power - An approved self- contained generator set to operator whenever there is a loss of power in a normal house
current shall provide standby Power for mechanical ventilation.
 H. Testing - Before the mechanical equipment is accepted by the authority having jurisdiction, it shall be tested to confirm that
the mechanical equipment is operating in compliance with these requirements.
 i. Emergency Lighting - The stair shaft and vestibule shall be provided with emergency lighting.
 J. Drainage of Floors - Upper floors of multi- storied buildings should be made water tight and provided with floor drainage
facilities.
Section 3.0 Fire Protection Systems
 3.1 Standard for the Design and Installation of Sprinkler System
a. General Information
1. Sprinkler System. A sprinkler system, for fire protection purposes, is an integrated system of underground and overhead piping engineering standards.
2. Scope and Purpose. This standard is the minimum for the installation of the sprinkler system for buildings, the character and adequacy of water supplies to
sprinkler systems
3. Classification of Sprinkler Systems. Sprinkler Systems are classified into different types listed below:
(a) Wet Pipe Systems. A system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a piping system containing water and connected to a water supply so that water
discharges immediately from sprinklers opened by a fire.
(b) (b) Deluge System. A system employing open sprinklers attached to a piping system connected to a water supply through which is opened by the operation of
a fire detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers.
4. Classification of Occupancies
(a) Light Hazard Occupancies. Occupancies where the quantity and/or combustibility of contents are low and fire with relatively low rate of heat release are
expected.
(b) Ordinary Hazard Occupancies. There are three groups of ordinary hazard occupancies and these are as follows:
1)Ordinary Hazard (Group 1). Occupancies where combustibility is low, quantity of combustible is moderate, stockpiles of combustibles do not exceed 2,400
mm and fire with moderate rate of heat release are expected.
2) Ordinary Hazard (Group 2). Occupancies where quantity and combustibility of content is moderate. Stockpiles do not exceed 3,700 mm and fire with
moderate heat release is expected.
(c) Extra Hazard Occupancies. Occupancies where quantity and combustibility of contents is very high, and flammable and combustible liquid, dust, lint or
other materials
Section 3.0 Fire Protection Systems

3) Ordinary Hazard (Group 3). Occupancies where quantity and/or combustibility of contents is
high, and fire of high rate of release are expected.
(c) Extra Hazard Occupancies. Occupancies where quantity and combustibility of contents is very
high, and flammable and combustible liquid, dust, lint or other materials.
5. Working Plans. Working plans shall be submitted to the authority having jurisdiction and the office
of the Mechanical Department Building Official before any equipment is installed or remodeled.
6. Approval and Acceptance Test of Sprinkler Systems. Before installation is started, all aspects of
design, installation and equipment shall conform in all respects to the rules, regulations and
requirements of the government agency concerned, the Fire Code of the Philippines under P.D. 1185,
the Local Building Officials who are concerned with public safety. For insurance purposes, the
(Philippine Insurance Associations).
 3.3 Water Supplies

General Provisions. Every automatic sprinkler systems shall have at least one automatic
water supply.
c. Sprinkler System may be connected to the following water supply provided the capacity and reliability is
acceptable.
1. Gravity Tanks. The capacity and elevation of the tank fire protection use and the arrangement of the supply piping
shall provide the volume and pressure require as design.
2. Pumps. is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases) or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action, typically
converted from electrical energy into hydraulic energy.
3. Pressure Tanks - a tank in which a liquid or gas is stored under pressure greater than atmospheric.
4. Fire Department Connections - The Fire Department Connection, also commonly known as the
siamese connection, is an important component found on most sprinkler and standpipe systems. When a fire sprinkler
system activates, the FDC provides a means for firefighters to connect hose lines to supplement the fire sprinkler
system's domestic water supply.
d. Valves. Types of valves to be used.
e. Spacing, Location and Positions of Sprinklers
Area Limitations. The maximum floor area to be protected by sprinklers supplied on each
system riser on any one floor.
f. Size of Riser. Each system risers shall be sized to supply all sprinklers on the riser on any floor
as determined by the standard schedules of pipe sizes listed below the number of sprinklers on a
given pipe size on one floor shall not exceed the number given for a given occupancy.
 When sprinklers are installed above and below ceiling, such branch lines shall not exceed
8 sprinklers above and 8 sprinklers below the ceiling on either side of the crossmain. Pipe
sizing shall be as follows up to 65 mm
2. Schedule for Ordinary Hazard
 When sprinklers are installed'above and below a ceiling, the pipe sizing up to 75 mm shall
be as follows:

3. Schedule for Extra Hazard Occupancies.

h. System Components
1. Internal Fire Hose in Cabinets or in Hose Reels. 38 mm hose used for fire purposes maybe connected to wet sprinkler system only subject to
the following restrictions:
(a) Hose stations supply shall not be connected to any pipe smaller than 65 mm except for hydraulically designed loops and grids. Hose stations
supply pipes maybe connected to a 50 mm source.
(b) Piping shall be at least 25 mm for vertical runs.
(c) Piping shall be 25 mm for horizontal runs up to 6,096 mm, 30 mm for runs between 6,096 mm and 24.4 meters and 38 mm for runs greater
than 24.4 meters.
(d) When the pressure at any hose station exceeds 6.89 Bars pressure reducing valves shall be installed at the outlet to reduce the pressure to 6.89
Bars.
2. Hose Connection for Fire Department Use. In building of light department use maybe attached to wet-pipe sprinkler systems subject to the
following restrictions:
(a) Sprinklers shall be under separate control valves.
(b) The minimum size of the riser shall be 102 mm unless hydraulic calculations indicate smaller size satisfy sprinkler and hose streams demand.
(c) Each combined sprinkler standpipe riser shall be equipped with a riser control valve to permit isolating a riser without interrupting the supply
to other risers from the same source of supply.
3. Fire Department Connections. Fire Department connection shall be provided to sprinkler system in all cases. Pipe size shall not be less than 102 mm for
fire engine connections and to less than 152 mm for fire boat connection.
4. Sprinkler System Standard Devices.
The Sprinkler System shall be provided with the following:
(a) System main drain. systems.
(b) Auxiliary drain on trapped sections of pipe.
(c) Inspector test connections not less than 25 mm shall be provided for each system, or for each floor level.
(d) Pipe sleeves of proper size.
(e) Pipe sway bracing the pipe hangers conforming to fire code.
(f) Water motor alarm gong.
(g) Water flow switches for multi- storey building to supervise system flow on each floor areas.
(h) Valve signs, spare sprinklers and wrenches in cabinets
5. Sprinklers shall also be required to the following areas:
(a) Concealed spaces, enclosed wholly or partially by exposed combustible construction, as in walls, floors and ceilings.
(b) At the opening of the elevator shaft at each floor level.
5. Sprinklers shall also be required to the following areas:
(a) Concealed spaces, enclosed wholly or partially by exposed combustible construction, as in walls, floors and ceilings.
(b) At the opening of the elevator shaft at each floor level.
(c) Stairways.
(d) Vertical opening in buildings.
(e) Service chutes and dumb waiter.
(f) Under roofs or canopies over outside loading platforms, ducts or other areas where combustible are stored or handled.
(g) Under ducts and galleries which are over 1,200 mm wide.
(h) Library stock room.
(i) Beneath ducts over 1,200 mm wide.
(j) Commercial type cooing equipment and ventilation systems.
(k) Electrical components - when sprinkler protection is provided in generator and transformer room, hoods or shields installed to protect important electrical
equipment from water shall be non-combustibles.
(I) Outside sprinkler protection against exposure fires.
3.4 Installation of Fire Pumps

a. Standard for the Installation of Fire Pumps. Only listed fire pumps shall be used for fire
protection service. The adequacy and dependability of the water source are of primary
importance. Fire pumps shall have the following rated capacities in LPM or larger, and are
rated at net pressure of 2.75 Bars or more and shall have the following features standard
equipment.
b. There are two types of standard fire pump used for the protection service, the centrifugal
and the vertical turbine type, either horizontal or vertical mounted are permitted to obtain
water on positive suction head only.
c. Pressure Maintenance (jockey or make up) Pumps. Jockey pumps shall have rated
capacities not less than any normal leakage rate they shall have discharge pressure sufficient
to maintain the desired fire protection system pressure.
3.5 Outside Protection

a. Hydrants. A sufficient number of hydrants shall e installed to provide hose streams for
every part of the exterior of each building not covered by standpipe protection for every
part of each building by the use of lengths of hose normally attached to the hydrants.
2 - Approved adjustable spray-solid stream nozzles equipped with shut-off for each size of
hose 65 mm.
1 - Fire Axe with brackets
1 - Hydrants Wrench
4 - Coupling spanners for each sized hose provided, 65 mm
2 - Hose Coupling gaskets for each size of hose, 65 mm
3.6 Dry Stand Pipe and Hose Systems

 a. Standpipe systems are none of the best internal means for extinguishing fires in
buildings and structures. Even in buildings equipped with automatic sprinkler systems,
standpipe is necessary

Class Service

Class I - For use by fire department and those trained in handling heavy fire streams 65 mm
hose.
Class II - For use primarily by the buildings occupants until the arrival of the fire department 38
mm hose.
Class Ill - For use either by fire department and those trained in handling heavy hose streams 65
mm or by the building occupants 38 mm hose.
3.7 Local Fire Code Requirements

 a. Fire Code of the Philippines, which is the Presidential Decree No. 1185, requires that the
following establishments be protected with automatic water sprinkler system.
 1. High Rise Buildings. Structures or facilities, fifteen (15) meters or more, measure from the
grade level to the floor of the topmost storey, for every new or old building.
 2. Places of Assembly. Stage equipped with fly galleries gridirons and rigging for movable
theater- type scenery and every enclosed platform larger than 46.5 square meters in area.
 3. Educational Building.
 (a) Below the floor of exit discharge.
 4. General Storage, Boiler, oil furnace rooms, fuel storage, janitor closets, maintenance shop
including wood working and painting areas, laundries, and kitchen.
3.8 Portable Fire Extinguishers

 a. Portable Fire Extinguishers. Portable extinguishers are appliances to be used by the

occupants of a building or area, primarily for immediate use on small fires

Section 4.0 Outdoor General Storage

Section 5.0 Anti-Pollution for Standards for
Indoor and Outdoor General Storage

5.1 Odor-producing material should be stored in closed storage rooms/warehouses and the
ventilation system of the same should be provided with appropriate odor control facilities to
preclude odor nuisance in the immediate vicinity.
5.2 Open yard storage of materials that result in wind-borne dust problems should be
provided with or water sprinkler systems.

Section 6.0 Standard on Halon 1301 Fire Extinguished Systems

-This section shall not be applicable pursuant to the Montreal

Protocol.
Section 7.0 Fire Prevention Doctrine

7.1 Workers educational programs in fire safety have become important supplements to well-
developed fire prevention and inspection programs, and these include:
a. Regular fire safety audit in every workplace.
b. Seasonal fire hazard review, like fire prevention month assessment.
c. Fire prevention awareness shall be promoted through pamphlets and posters.
d. Employers shall teach workers to operates machines properly and to report any problems
that could cause fire.
e. Workers shall be empowered to do fire hazard inspection near machines in their workplace
to supplement supervisor, safety audit.
f. A clean workplace program following 5s standard and emphases (sorting, sweeping,
standardizing, and systemizing) and self- discipline
 7.2 Fire prevention is a term for the many safety measures used to keep harmful fires
from starting this is being carried out by several programs in fire safety, like
 a. Laws and specifications.
 b. Inspection of buildings and others company properties.
 c. Education about fire safety
 7.3 Education is a vital part of fire prevention programs because people cause and could
prevent almost all fines. Fire fighters is the most competent teacher who could reach out
to the level of understanding of children and adult in communities, schools, homes,
industries, ether indoor and outdoor