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A Seminar On Electroencephalography

This document summarizes a seminar on electroencephalography (EEG). EEG allows viewing and recording of brain activity changes during tasks by using electrodes to monitor electrical activity at scalp points. Hans Berger was the pioneer of EEG, first recording human brain activity in 1924. EEG works by electrodes conducting brain electrical activity to amplifiers and outputs. Key wave patterns seen in EEG include alpha, beta, theta, and delta waves associated with different brain states like relaxation and sleep. Applications of EEG include diagnosing epilepsy and comas. While providing high temporal resolution, EEG has limitations in source localization within the brain.

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shubham kanthed
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104 views

A Seminar On Electroencephalography

This document summarizes a seminar on electroencephalography (EEG). EEG allows viewing and recording of brain activity changes during tasks by using electrodes to monitor electrical activity at scalp points. Hans Berger was the pioneer of EEG, first recording human brain activity in 1924. EEG works by electrodes conducting brain electrical activity to amplifiers and outputs. Key wave patterns seen in EEG include alpha, beta, theta, and delta waves associated with different brain states like relaxation and sleep. Applications of EEG include diagnosing epilepsy and comas. While providing high temporal resolution, EEG has limitations in source localization within the brain.

Uploaded by

shubham kanthed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

A

Seminar
on
Electroencephalography

Presented to:- Presented by:-


Mr. Himanshu Chaturvedi Miss Nayan Kanthed
Lect. EEE Dept. 3rd year/6th sem
Contents
 Introduction
 History
 How it was developed ?
 Source of EEG activity
 How does the system work ?
 Wave patterns
 Applications
 Advantages and Disadvantages
 The Awesome EEG
Introduction
 What is Electroencephalography..??

 EEG, or electroencephalogram, is a tool use to image the


brain.

 EEG allows to view and record the changes in brain activity


during the time of performing the task.

 Images are acquired by using electrodes to monitor the


amount of electrical activity at different points on your scalp.
History
 Richard Caton (1875) –localization of sensory functions
with monkeys and rabbits.

 Hans Berger (1924) – first EEG recording done on


humans, records electrical activity from the skull.

 William Grey Walter – influenced by Pavlov and Berger,


further developed EEG to discover delta waves during
sleep (1937) and theta waves (1953).
Hans Berger – EEG Pioneer
In 1929, Hans Berger
 Recorded brain activity from the closed skull.

 Reportet brain activity changes according to the


functional state of the brain
 Sleep

 Hypnothesis

 Pathological states (epilepsy)


How it was developed?

 By testing and studying the brains of


hundreds of high performing individuals, it
became clear that top performers in
various areas, used various brainwave
frequencies. Therefore - finally it was
proven which frequencies were the best
for which function.
Source of EEG activity
 The brain's electrical charge is maintained by billions of neurons.

 Neurons form wave through a process known as volume


conduction.

 When the wave of ions reaches the electrodes, metal conducts the
push and pull of electrons easily, the difference in push or voltage
between any two electrodes can be measured by a voltmeter.

 Electrodes measure voltage-differences at the scalp in the


microvolt (μV) range.

  Recording these voltages over time gives us the EEG.


How does the system work ?

 The system involves hooking up several pairs of


electrodes on a patient's head.

 These electrodes conducts electrical activity, capture it


from the brain and convey it out through a wire and
gives it amplifier.

 The amplifiers amplify the voltage between the electrode


and the reference.

 The signal is then filtered, and the EEG signal is output


as the deflection of pens as paper passes underneath
Wave patterns
EEG potentials are good indicators of global brain state.
They often display rhythmic patterns at characteristic
frequencies
Alpha Wave
 Characteristics:
- frequency: 8-13 Hz
-amplitude: 20-60 µV

 Easily produced when quietly sitting in relaxed position


with eyes closed
Beta Waves
 Characteristics:
-frequency: 14-30 Hz
-amplitude: 2-20 µV

 The most common form of brain waves. Are present


during mental thought and activity
Theta Waves
 Characteristics:
-frequency: 4-7Hz
-amplitude: 20-100µV

 Believed to be more common in children than adults.

 Walter Study (1952) found these waves to be related to


displeasure, pleasure, and drowsiness.
Delta Waves
 Characteristics:
-frequency: .5-3.5 Hz
-amplitude: 20-200µV

 Found during periods of deep sleep in most people.

 Also useful in detecting tumors and abnormal brain


behaviors.
Less Common Waves

 Gamma Waves:
-frequency: 36-44Hz
-amplitude: 3-5µV

 Kappa Waves:
-frequency: 10Hz

 Lambda Waves:
-amplitude: 20-50µV
-triangular in shape

 Mu Waves:
-frequency: 8-13Hz
Applications
 In neurology, the main diagnostic application of EEG is
in the case of epilepsy, as epileptic activity can create
clear abnormalities on a standard EEG study.

 A secondary clinical use of EEG is in the diagnosis


of coma, encephalopathies (any disorder or disease of
brain), and brain death.
Advantages and Disadvantages
 Advantages


Hardware costs are significantly lower EEG has higher temporal
resolution - milliseconds, rather than seconds.
 EEG is silent, which allows for better study of the responses to
auditory stimuli.
 EEG does not aggravate claustrophobia.

 Disadvantages

 One of the big disadvantages of EEG/ERP is that it's hard to


figure out where in the brain the electrical activity is coming
from.
 Required amplification.
 Deep parts of the brain are not well sampled
The Awesome EEG
 It is plain to see that EEG has offered a number of
great advances in research. It has demonstrated its
versatility and usefulness in the many diverse areas
that it has been utilized. It enhances educational
efforts, offering information as well as strengthening
the base of general knowledge in a way that has
helped to improve our everyday lives .
Thank You….

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