The Matiari-Lahore

±660kV HVDC Project

Converter transformer
Training class

XIAN XD TRANSFORMER CO.LTD

Mar.2020
1. Brief introduction of XD CO.LTD

2. converter transformer

3. operation and maintenance

1. Brief introduction of XIAN XD TRANSFORMER CO.LTD
1.1 History of XIAN XD TRANSFORMER CO.LTD
1.2 Supply performance of converter transformer
a) Zhoushan Transmission Project

Zhoushan ±100kV DC transmission line is 54km long and it is the first DC

transmission project designed and built independently by our country. Its rated
voltage is ±100kV, rated DC transmission capacity is 100MW, rated DC current is
500A. This project was put into operation in 1989.

Converter transformer

Type ZSFPZ–63000/100

Rated Capacity/MVA 63/63/42.2

Rated AC voltage/kV 115/83.5/10.5
Phase 3
Frequency/Hz 50
Short-circuit impedance/% 19.2/10.34/8.64

Transportation weight/t 97
Total weight/t 152
b) Three Gorges-Changzhou ±500kV HVDC transmission project Project
The Three Gorges-Changzhou ±500kV DC transmission project is 860km long
with rated voltage of ±500kV, rated transmission capacity of 3,000MW, rated DC
current of 3,000A. This project was put into operation in 2002.

Converter transformer

Type ZZDPFZ–297500/500-500
(250)
Rated Capacity/MVA 297.5/297.5
Rated AC voltage/kV 525/√3/ (210.4/√3)/210.4
Phase 1
Frequency/Hz 50
Short-circuit impedance/% 16

Transportation weight/t 255/259

Total weight/t 378/278
c) Lingbao back-to-back project (1st stage)

For Lingbao back-to-back converter station project of Northwest-Central China

networking project, its rated DC power is 360MW, and its power is transmitted by
two-way. The voltage class of AC system is 220kV at Central China side and
330kV at Northwest China side. The voltage class of DC system is 120kV. This
project was put into operation in 2005.

Converter transformer

Type ZZDPFSZ–143600/330-120
(60)
Rated Capacity/MVA 143.6/71.8/71.8
Rated AC voltage/kV 345/√3/ (50.8/√3)/50.8
Phase 1
Frequency/Hz 50
Short-circuit impedance/% 16

Transportation weight/t 141

Total weight/t 208
d) Lingbao back-to-back project (2st stage)
Lingbao expanded back-to-back converter station is located north of Lingbao
back-to-back converter station which is running and it is connected to the existing
Lingbao converter station. For the expanded converter station, the rated capacity
of DC system is 750MW, rated transmission power is 750MW, rated DC voltage
is 166.67 kV and rated DC current is 4,500A. This project was put into operation
in 2009.

Converter transformer

Type ZZDPFSZ–300870/500

Rated Capacity/MVA 143.6/71.8/71.8

Rated AC voltage/kV 535/√3/ (70.9/√3)/70.9
Phase 1
Frequency/Hz 50
Short-circuit impedance/% 16.8

Transportation weight/t 250

Total weight/t 366
e) Northeast-North China back-to-back project
For Gaoling back-to-back converter station project of Northeast-North China, the
rated capacity of DC system is 1,500MW, rated DC voltage is ±125kV and rated
DC current is 3,000A. This project was put into operation in 2008.

Converter transformer

Type ZZDPFSZ–299100/500-125
(62.5)
Rated Capacity/MVA 299.1/149.55/149.55
Rated AC voltage/kV 525/√3/ (105.8/√3)/105.8
Phase 1
Frequency/Hz 50
Short-circuit impedance/% 16

Transportation weight/t 240

Total weight/t 351
f) Yunnan-Guangdong ±800kV UHVDC transmission project
Yunnan-Guangdong ±800kV UHVDC transmission project has rated capacity of
5,000MW, rated DC voltage of ±800kV and transmission distance of
about1,418km. This project was put into operation in 2009.

Converter transformer

Type ZZDPFSZ–244100/500-800
(600) (400) (200)
Rated Capacity/MVA 244.1/244.1
Rated AC voltage/kV 525/√3/ (165.6/√3)/165.6
Phase 1
Frequency/Hz 50
Short-circuit impedance/% 18.5

Transportation weight/t 335/246/242/242

Total weight/t 520/357/355/355
g) Xiangjiaba-Shanghai ±800kV UHVDC transmission project
Xiangjiaba-Shanghai ±800kV UHVDC transmission project has rated capacity of
6,400MW, transmission distance of 2,071km, rated DC voltage of ±800kV and
rated DC current of 4,000A. This project was put into operation in 2010.

Converter transformer

Type ZZDFPZ-321100/500 -800

(600) (400) (200)
Rated Capacity/MVA 321.1/321.1
Rated AC voltage/kV 525/√3/ (170/√3)/170
Phase 1
Frequency/Hz 50
Short-circuit impedance/% 18

Transportation weight/t 405/290/241/241

Total weight/t 552/420/355/355
h) Northwest-Central China ±500kV HVDC transmission project
Northwest-Central China networking project has rated capacity of 3,000MW,
transmission distance of 574km and rated DC voltage of ±500kV. This project
was put into operation in 2010.

Converter transformer

Type ZZDFPZ-297600/330-500
(250)
Rated Capacity/MVA 297.6/297.6
Rated AC voltage/kV 345/√3/ (210/√3)/210
Phase 1
Frequency/Hz 50
Short-circuit impedance/% 16

Transportation weight/t 267/266

Total weight/t 385/378
i) Ningdong-Shandong ±660kV HVDC transmission project

Ningdong-Shandong DC transmission project has transmission distance of

1,348km, rated DC voltage of ±660kV, rated DC current of 3,030kA and
transmission power of 4,000MW. This project was put into operation in 2011.

Converter transformer

Type ZZDFPZ-403000/330-660
(330)
Rated Capacity/MVA 403/403
Rated AC voltage/kV 345/√3/ (282/√3)/282
Phase 1
Frequency/Hz 50
Short-circuit impedance/% 18.5

Transportation weight/t 340/340

Total weight/t 505/502
j) Golmud-Lhasa ±400kV HVDC transmission project
Golmud-Lhasa ±400kV HVDC transmission project has transimission distance of
1,038km, rated DC voltage of ±400kV, rated DC current of 750A and
transmission power of 600MW. This project was put into operation in 2012.

Converter transformer

Type ZZDFPSZ-117660/330-400
(200)
Rated Capacity/MVA 117.66/58.83/58.83
Rated AC voltage/kV 345/√3/ (166/√3)/166
Phase 1
Frequency/Hz 50
Short-circuit impedance/% 14

Transportation weight/t 146

Total weight/t 256
k) Jinping-Sunan ±800kV UHVDC transmission project
Jinping-Sunan ±800kV UHVDC transmission project has transmission distance of
2,093km, rated DC voltage of ±500kV, rated DC current of 4,500A and
transmission power of 7,200MW. This project was put into operation in 2012.

Converter transformer

Type ZZDFPZ-340800/500-800
(600) (400) (200)
Rated Capacity/MVA 340.8/340.8
Rated AC voltage/kV 505/√3/ (161/√3)/161
Phase 1
Frequency/Hz 50
Short-circuit impedance/% 19

Transportation weight/t 330/330/304/304

Total weight/t 475/472/408/404
l) Hami-Zhengzhou ±800kV UHVDC transmission project
Hami-Zhengzhou ±800kV UHVDC transmission project has transmission distance
of 2,210km, rated DC voltage of ±800kV, rated DC current of 5,000A and
transmission power of 8,000MW. This project was put into in 2013.

Converter transformer

Type ZZDFPZ-376600/500-800
(600)
Rated Capacity/MVA 376.6/376.6
Rated AC voltage/kV 525/√3/ (160/√3)/160
Phase 1
Frequency/Hz 50
Short-circuit impedance/% 19

Transportation weight/t 370/290

Total weight/t 534/415
m) Xiluodu-Zhexi±800kV UHVDC transmission project
Xiluodu-Zhexi±800kV UHVDC transmission project has transmission distance of
1,670km, rated DC voltage of ±800kV, rated DC current of 5,000A and
transmission power of 8,000MW. This project was put into operation in 2014.

Converter transformer

Type ZZDFPZ-382000/500-800
(600)
Rated Capacity/MVA 382/382
Rated AC voltage/kV 510/√3/ (162/√3)/162
Phase 1
Frequency/Hz 50
Short-circuit impedance/% 19

Transportation weight/t 345/290

Total weight/t 500/410
n) Xiluodu-Guangdong ±500kV HVDC transmission project
Xiluodu-Guangdong ±500kV HVDC transmission project has transmission
distance of 1,254km, rated DC voltage of ±500kV and transmission power of
6,400MW. This project was put into operation in 2014.

Converter transformer

Type ZZDFPZ-300400/500-500
(250)
Rated Capacity/MVA 300.4/300.4
Rated AC voltage/kV 525/√3/ (199/√3)/199
Phase 1
Frequency/Hz 50
Short-circuit impedance/% 16.5

Transportation weight/t 146

Total weight/t 256
o) Lingzhou-Shaoxing ±800kV UHVDC transmission project
Lingzhou-Shaoxing ±800kV UHVDC transmission project has transmission
distance of 1,722km, rated DC voltage of ±800kV, rated DC current of 5,000A
and transmission power of 8,000MW. This project was put into operation in 2016.

Converter transformer

Type ZZDFPZ-384200/500-800
Rated Capacity/MVA 384.2/384.2
Rated AC voltage/kV 525/√3/ (163/√3)/163
Phase 1
Frequency/Hz 50
Short-circuit impedance/% 18

Transportation weight/t 353

Total weight/t 516
p) Jiuquan-Xiangtan ±800kV UHVDC transmission project
Jiuquan-Xiangtan ±800kV UHVDC transmission project has transmission
distance of 2,380km, rated DC voltage of ±800kV, rated DC current of 5,000A
and transmission power of 8,000MW. This project is put into operation in 2017.

Converter transformer

Type ZZDFPZ-412300/750-400
(200)
Rated Capacity/MVA 412.3/412.3
Rated AC voltage/kV 770/√3/ (178/√3)/178
Phase 1
Frequency/Hz 50
Short-circuit impedance/% 23

Transportation weight/t 282/282

Total weight/t 434/433
q) Dianxibei-Guangdong ±800kV UHVDC transmission project
Dianxibei-Guangdong ±800kV UHVDC transmission project has a bout 1,928km
long DC transmission line, rated voltage of ±800kV, DC transmission capacity of
5,000MW and DC rated current of 3,125A. This project will be put into operation
in 2018.

Converter transformer

Type ZZDFPZ-248600/500-400
(200)
Rated Capacity/MVA 248.6/248.6
Rated AC voltage/kV 525/√3/ (169/√3)/169
Phase 1
Frequency/Hz 50
Short-circuit impedance/% 16.5

Transportation weight/t 282/282

Total weight/t 434/433
r) Ximeng-taizhou ±800kV UHVDC transmission project
Ximeng-taizhou ±800kV UHVDC transmission project has transmission distance
of 1,609km, rated DC voltage of ±800kV, rated DC current of 6, 250A and
transmission power of 10,000MW. This project is put into operation in 2017.

Converter transformer

Type ZZDFPZ-488690/1000-400
(200)
Rated Capacity/MVA 488.69/488.69
Rated AC voltage/kV 1050/√3/ (166/√3)/166
Phase 1
Frequency/Hz 50
Short-circuit impedance/% 20

Transportation weight/t 368/368

Total weight/t 550/543
s) Shanghaimiao-Shandong ±800kV UHVDC transmission project
Shanghaimiao-Shandong ±800kV UHVDC transmission project has 1239.4km
long DC transmission line, rated DC voltage of ±800kV, DC transmission
capacity of 10,000MW and rated DC current of 6, 250A. This project is put into
operation by the end of 2017

Converter transformer

Type ZZDFPZ-509300/500-800
(600)
Rated Capacity/MVA 509.3/509.3
Rated AC voltage/kV 530/√3/ (173/√3)/173
Phase 1
Frequency/Hz 50
Short-circuit impedance/% 21

Transportation weight/t 343/343

Total weight/t 503/496
t) Changji-Guquan ±1100kV UHVDC transmission project
Changji-Guquan ±1,100kV UHVDC transmission project has 3283.936km long
DC transmission line, rated DC voltage of ±1,100kV, rated DC current of 5,454A
and transmission power of 12,000MW. This project is put into operation in 2018.

Converter transformer

Type ZZDFPZ-587100/500-1100
(825)
Rated Capacity/MVA 587.1/587.1
Rated AC voltage/kV 510/√3/ (228/√3)/228
Phase 1
Frequency/Hz 50
Short-circuit impedance/% 22

Transportation weight/t 535/535

Total weight/t 909/845
u) Brazil Xingu-Rio ±800kV UHVDC Transmission Project
Brazil Xingu-Rio ±800kV UHVDC Transmission Project has rated transmission
capacity of 4,000MW, rated DC voltage of ±800kV and rated DC current of
2,500A. This project will be put into operation in in August 2019.

Converter transformer
Type ZZDFPZ- ZZDFPZ-
396830/500- 389920/500-800
800
Rated Capacity/MVA 396.83/396.83 389.92/389.92
Rated AC voltage/kV 530/√3/194.4 530/√3/194.4
Phase 1
Frequency/Hz 60
Short-circuit impedance/% 16
Transportation weight/t 337
Total weight/t 515
1.3 Manufacture capability and test equipment

UHV Production Workshop Office Building

Aerial View of UHV Production Base

Coil Shop
Coil Shop
Assembly Shop
 Assembly Shop

2×350t crane 400t iron core turnover rack

Rack for Assembly of Large-scale

2×400t air cushion vehicle
Transformer Body
Iron Core Shear Line
Insulation Workshop

3 NC and Insulation Processing

Center
Blast-shooting room for whole Painting Room for Tank
tank
Oil Tank Manufacturing Workshop
Production Line of Dry-type Transformer and Reactor
In order to the product quality and improve productivity, a
large number of tooling and special tools are purchased,
including nearly 30 equipments such as a full set of cold
extruding equipment, body hydraulic pressing equipment,
hollow jack, hydraulic shear and bender.
 High Voltage Test Hall (Xi’an)

Fully shielded high voltage test hall, with clearance height of 39m, can be used for testing
1,000kV, 1,500MVA and below power transformer, 360Mvar parallel reactor and ±1,000kV
and below converter transformer. (L: 78m, W: 40m, H: 39m)

Main equipments:

 2×300t air cushion transport car

 60MWgenerating unit

 4800kV/720kJ impulse voltage generator

 1600kVDC voltage generator (including polarity reversal device)

 480Mvar compensation capacitor

 1000kV/2A power frequency testing transformer

 610MVA/1700kVpower transformer

 Necessary special test instrument and instrumentation such as instrument for measuring
DC partial discharge
 UHV Test Hall

XD Test Hall Changzhou Base Test Hall

2. converter transformer
2.1 The function of converter transformer

Converter transformer has two words. Converter and transformer.

According to these two words. We can easily understand that converter
transformer is a kind of transformer which is used cooperate with
converter valve in the HVDC system.
The function of the converter transformer is to convert the electric
energy of the specific voltage and current in the power grid into the
current and voltage that can be used by the converter valve.
In addition. The converter transformer must be able to withstand the
special impulse which come from both side of the transformer. The
power grid and the converter valve.
2.2 The outline of converter transformer

Date sheet ZZDFPZ-400400/500-660

Transportation dimension(m) 11.5×4.3×5
Outer limited dimension(m) 29.1×8.5×13.8
Transportation weight (filled with nitrogen, t) 349t
Total weight 523t
 Date sheet ZZDFPZ-400400/500-330
Transportation dimension(m) 11.5×4.3×5
Outer limited dimension(m) 23.8×8.5×13.7
Transportation weight (filled with nitrogen, t) 312t
Total weight
ZZDFPZ-400400/500-330 451t
2.3 Project profile
The Matiari-Lahore ±660kV HVDC Project is planned to build two integral
monopoles and put into operation with 4000MW rated capacity of power
transmission in 2019. The sending end is Matiari converter station and the
receiving end is Lahore converter station. The DC voltage is ±660kV and DC
current is 3030A for this project. The sending end (Matiari station) locates at
Hyderabad city, south of Pakistan; the receiving end (Lahore station) locates at
east-north of Pakistan. The Matiari-Lahore ±660kV DC power transmission
project is a bipolar DC system consisting of two integral monopoles. Each
monopole consists of one 12-pulse converter groups connected in series. The
converter transformers are of single-phase double-winding type, and smoothing
reactors are equipped on pole lines and neutral bus lines of the sending end and
the receiving end respectively.
2.4 Operation condition

Condition Matiari Lahore

Altitude(m) 25 195
Annual average temperature (℃) 27.7 25
Hottest month average temperature (℃) 34 33.6
Multi-year average air pressure (Hpa) 1001.2 983.1
Average relative humidity (%) 58.8 63
Multi-year average wind speed (m/s in 3s) 5.6 1.6
Regular wind direction S NW
Seismic resistant capability (g) 0.2 0.2
Service condition Outdoor Outdoor
2.5 Type

Z Z D F P Z - 400400 / 500 – 660 (330)

Valve side insulation class (kV)

Line side insulation class (kV)
Rated capacity (kVA)
On-load tap
Forced-oil and forced-air cooling
Single phase
Converter transformer
2.6 Basic parameters
Insulation level Valve side 660 Valve side 330
Full wave lighting impulse voltage
Beginning end line-side (kV) 1550
Tail end line-side (kV) 185
Beginning end valve-side (kV) 1700 1335
Tail end valve-side (kV) 1700 1335
Chopped wave lighting impulse voltage
Beginning end line-side (kV) 1705
Tail end line-side (kV) Null
Beginning end valve-side (kV) 1870 1470
Tail end valve-side (kV) 1870 1470
Insulation level Valve side 660 Valve side 330
Switching impulse voltage
Beginning end line-side 1175
Beginning and tail end valve-side 1600 1275
1 min AC applied test voltage
95
at beginning and tail end line-side
1 min AC induced test voltage
680
at beginning end line-side
DC applied withstand voltage at valve-side 1073 563
AC applied withstand voltage at valve-side 795 434
Polarity reversal withstand voltage
766 341
at valve side
2.7 Six majority part of converter transformer
a) Core structure
The core adopts a structure of
single-phase two-limb with return
yoke. The core sheets adopt
good low-loss cold-rolled
oriented silicon steel, and the
core limb is bound by high
strength bandages. The strong
position devices are welded on
the top and bottom clamps of
core, and they are fixed on the
tank bottom and cover
respectively during assembly to
guarantee the active part of
transformer shall not have
displacement during product
transportation.
b) Arrangement of windings
The regulation winding is layer type (single layer), and line-side winding and
valve-side winding is interleaved-continuous type. The oil duct is arranged
reasonably to guarantee the winding average temperature rise and hot spot
temperature rise shall meet the requirement of technical specification. All the
windings shall be optimized to meet the requirement of lightening impulse
withstand and anti short-circuits ability.
c) Active part
The active part has a compact structure, and its insulation structure is arranged
reasonably according to the distribution of AC and DC electric field and
characteristic of insulation material. The winding support is designed above and
below active part. The active part conducts complete drying treatment before
retightening and assembly. After the active part is retightened by hose pipe
synchronously, it is filled solidly with spacers and ribs to make the active part a
whole one. It guarantee the winding shall not have displacement during
transportation and operation, and at the same time enhance the anti short-circuit
ability of product greatly.
d) Cleats and leads
Grid-side lead
after the beginning end of two-limb line-side leads is gathered by shield ring, it is
connected to tail part of line-side bushing.
Valve-side lead
after connection of hand in hand structure between limbs, the leads is going out
from limbⅡ, and through barrier system, then connect to the valve-side bushing.
Regulation leads
after the adfluxion is finished between limbs, two limbs regulation windings are
connected with tap changer by regulation leads. The non-linear resistance for
protection is provided between regulation leads.
e) tank
The tank adopts barrel type and flat tank cover structure. The tank wall is flat
plate and it is reinforced with stiffeners. The tank wall, tank bottom, tank cover
and reinforcement structures adopt high-strength steel plate to guarantee the
strength of tank. The copper shielding is laid inside the tank.
f) Final assembly parts
After assembly of this product, it has a compact structure and reasonable
arrangement. The line-side bushing is brought out from the top of tank. The two
valve-side bushings extend slantways into valve hall from one end of transformer.
The ±660kV DC bushing adopts bushing (type: GSETF 1785/900-2969) produced
by HSP company. The ±330kV DC bushing adopts bushing (type:
GSETF1402/500-2000) produced by THVS. The transformer oil adopts Petro
China KI50X. 5 groups of air-cooling coolers are installed on each transformer.
Among them, one group is for spare, and arranged at the side of converter
transformer to guarantee the product has good heat radiation ability and use the
space effectively
2.8 Design feature
Insulation characteristic
The valve-side winding of converter transformer (including valve-side lead) can
bear the stress generated by DC voltage but to bear the stress generated by
normal AC voltage. In addition, the insulation structure of converter transformer
is much more complex than that of common power transformer due to the
influence of DC full-voltage starting and polarity reversal. The following table
compares the differences of voltage effect which the converter transformer and
common power transformer bear.

Power Lightning Switching

Working AC Polarity reversal
Equipment voltage frequency impulse impulse DC voltage
voltage voltage
overvoltage voltage voltage

Power transformer √ √ √ √ —— ——
Converter
transformer √ √ √ √ √ √
(Valve-side coil)
2.8 Design feature
a) Electric field of the winding

This two cloud diagram show the electric field intensity of valve-side winding and
grid-side winding under extreme AC conditions
This cloud diagram shows the electric field intensity of valve-side winding under
extreme DC conditions
This cloud diagram shows the electric field intensity of valve-side winding under
extreme DC polarity reversal conditions
b) Electric field of the Grid-side lead

This cloud diagram shows the electric field intensity

of grid-side lead under AC condition
 This cloud diagram shows the electric field intensity
of connection point between grid-side lead and bushing under AC condition
c) Electric field of the Valve-side lead

AC condition DC condition

This cloud diagram shows the electric field intensity

of valve-side lead under AC condition and DC condition
AC condition
DC condition
This cloud diagram shows the electric field intensity
of valve-side lead under AC condition and DC condition
 This cloud diagram shows the electric field intensity
of connection point between valve-side lead and bushing under AC condition
d) calculation of waveform distribution

Analysis and calculation of shock

 Tangential component and
Shock field intensity and action allowable value of field
time of each wound disk for coil intensity along stay of each
wound disk for coil
e) leakage-flux and short circuit force

This cloud diagram shows the leakage-flux distribution of active part

Short circuit force analysis of regulation winding
Short circuit force analysis of grid-side winding
Short circuit force analysis of vlave-side winding
f) Temperature rise

Diagram of oil speed Diagram of temperature rise

3. Maintenance during operation
3.1 Important component
a) Transformer oil
Transformer oil should satisfy the following requirements
Requirement
Test
parameters Unit
0℃ -10℃ -20℃ -30℃ -40℃ standard

Pour point ≤℃ -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 GB/T 3535

Viscosity (40℃) ≤mm²/s 12 12 12 12 12
Viscosity (0℃) ≤mm²/s 1800 - - - -
Viscosity (-10℃) ≤mm²/s - 1800 - - -
GB/T 265
Viscosity (-20℃) ≤mm²/s - - 1800 - -
Viscosity (-30℃) ≤mm²/s - - - 1800 -
Viscosity (-40℃) ≤mm²/s - - - - 2500
Water content ≤mg/kg 30 bulk delivery / 40 canned delivery GB/T 7600
 Test
Parameter Unit requirement
standard
Breakdown
≥kV 30(before filtration),70(after filtration) GB/T 507
voltage
GB/T1884
Density (20℃) ≤kg/m³ 895
GB/T1885
Tangent δ (90℃) - 0.005 GB/T5654
Clear, free from sediment and
Appearance - observation
suspended matter
NB/SH/T
Acidity(KOH) ≤mg/g 0.01
0836
Dissolved acid
Not detectable GB/T 259
and alkali
Interfacial tension ≥mN/m 40 GB/T 6541
Corrosive Sulphur - Not corrosive SH/T 0804
b) Valve-side bushing

Type: ±660 GSETF 1890/844-4800

±330 GSETF 1785/900-2969
Manufacturer: ±660 HSP Germany
±330 THVS China
Function: Bushing connect converter valve
with converter transformer
c) Line-side bushing

Type : BRDLW-550-2500-4
Manufacturer: XD china
Function: Bushing connect power
grid with converter
transformer
d) Neutral point bushing

Type : BRDLW-550-2500-4
manufacturer: XD china
Function: Bushing connect power
grid with converter
transformer
e) Conservator

Type : ZX5461.00534
manufacturer: XD china
Function: to conserve transformer oil
and allow the oil in the
tank to breathe
f) Cooler

Type : CETA-56
manufacturer: LUVATA American
Function: to exchange oil heat into
atmosphere
g) Buchholz relay

Type : 3.28.44.55-0249
manufacturer: EMB Germany
Function: to monitoring oil flow and
gas from the tank
h) Dehydrating breather

Type : DB200D-T
manufacturer: Messko
Function: to absorb water from
gas entering the
conservator when the oil
in the tank is breathing

Behind the tank

3.2 Maintenance cycle
a) On-load maintenance
NO Inspection
item requirement
. cycle
1. The appearance of Oil temperature
indicator and winding temperature indicator
is in good condition;
2. There are no abnormal conditions with The Once
1 temperature
temperature of the tank and winding. And 1 month
the temperature appears on the indicator is
a same as the temperature appears on the
monitor in the control room;
1. Oil level indicator is in good condition;
2. Check the oil level and oil temperature Once
2 Oil level
curve. The oil level has no abnormal 1 month
condition
Flanges, valves, meter, tap changer, cooler, Once
3 Oil leakage
tank, tube have no oil leakage 1 month
NO Inspection
item requirement
. cycle
1. The vibration and noise have no significant
Operation change during operation; Once
4
noise 2. There is no sound of flashover and 1 month
discharge during operation;
Earthing 1. Core and clamping plate are well grounded; Once
5
condition 2. The earthing current is under 100mA; 1 month
1. There are no foundation sinking and
collapse;
Foundation 2. There are no overheat in connection Once
6
connection terminal, wire, busbar. There are no steam 1 month
during raining days. There are no superheat
redness during the night;
1. The fan is operating normally. There are no
abnormal noise, reversal rotate, significant
Once
7 Cooler resistance;
1 month
2. Oil flow indicator is operating normally.
There is no shaking in the oil flow indicator;
NO Inspection
item requirement
. cycle
3. Cooling fin has no abnormal condition, jam
of air flow;
Once
7 cooler 4. The temperature of cooling fin is almost a
1 month
same;
5. There are no accumulation of dirt and dust;
1. The bushing surface has no breakage,
crack, oil pollution, electric discharge, etc;
2. Check the bushing surface by using
Once
8 bushing infrared thermometer. There are no
1 month
abnormal condition or overheat;
3. There are no oil leakage
4. Oil level or SF6 pressure is normal
1. Breathing is normal, and with the change of
Dehydrating oil temperature, obvious breathing Once
9
breather phenomenon can be observed in the oil 1 month
cup;
For detail information about maintenance, please check maintenance
manual
3.3 Analysis and treatment of common transformer faults
a) processing of abnormal noise
 When the sound of the transformer increases obviously and there is a sound
of crack in the transformer, the reason should be found out immediately and
corresponding measures should be taken, such as electrical waveform, oil
chromatography test of the transformer. If there are conditions, the
transformer can be carried out no-load, load test, and if necessary, the
transformer shall be inspected by the slinging cover.
 When transformer noise increases evenly than usual, check the grid voltage,
determine whether to power grid voltage is too high, such as neutral point
grounding grid single-phase grounding or ferromagnetic resonance, another
also may be the transformer load and the load change is bigger (such as big
motor, electric arc furnace, etc.), harmonic caused or DC bias effect.
 When the noise is loud and noisy, it may be the problem of loose from
transformer core and clamps. At this time, the instrument is generally normal,
and there is no significant change in transformer oil temperature and oil level.
Therefore, the transformer should be shut down for inspection.
 When the noise has the "squeak" sound of discharge, partial discharge may
occur in the the active part or on the surface of bushing. If it was the bushing
problem. During bad weather or at night, there were visible corona or blue,
purple small spark on the bushing. The solution is cleaning the bushing
surface dirt. And then applying RTV coating or replace the bushing. If it was
the active part problem, put the ear close to the transformer oil tank, you may
hear the "squeak" or "crackle" sound inside the transformer due to partial
discharge or poor electrical contact. At this time, you should stop the
operation of the transformer, check the core ground or sling the cover for
inspection.
 If there is boiling sound of water in the noise, it may be caused by serious fault
of winding or bad contact of tap switch. The operation of transformer should
be stopped immediately for maintenance.
 when there is a crack sound in the noise, the noise is large and uneven, which
may be the limited breakdown of the insulation of the body of the transformer.
The operation of the transformer should be stopped immediately for
maintenance.
 when there is a continuous and regular sound of impact in the noise, it may be
caused by the vibration of the core of the transformer. If it is a pipe or wire on
the tank wall, increase the distance or strengthen them to solve the problem.
In addition, the bearing wear of cooling fan, oil pump also may give out
mechanical friction sound. We need to check it one by one.
b) Pressure relief valve leak transformer oil
When the Buchholz relay of the transformer and other electrical protection are in
normal condition. The oil sample of the transformer body should be immediately
taken for chromatographic analysis. If the chromatographic is normal, the action
of the pressure relief valve is suspected to be caused by other reasons
check whether the connection valve between the transformer body and the oil
storage tank is open, whether the dehydrating breather breath smoothly, and
whether the gas in the conservator is drained clean to prevent the pressure
release valve from acting due to false oil level.
check whether the seal of the pressure relief valve is intact and replace the
sealant pad if necessary.
check whether the raised seat of the pressure relief valve is equipped with a
vent plug. If not, it should be added to prevent the accumulation of gas from
mistakenly moving due to the change of temperature.
if conditions was allowed, off-line test can be arranged at a time, and open and
close action tests can be conducted for the pressure relief valve.
When the pressure relief valve is leaking oil and the Buchholz relay action
tripping, the transformer shall not be put into operation until the cause is found
out and the fault is eliminated. If there are signs of internal fault in the
transformer, further examination should be made.
 if the reason for the temperature rise was the fault of the cooling system and
the fault cannot be repaired in operation, the transformer shall be shut down
for repair. If the transformer cannot be stopped immediately for repair, the
load of the transformer shall be adjusted to the corresponding capacity of the
allowable operating temperature according to the power station regulations,
and treatment shall be arranged as soon as possible;
 if the temperature anomaly caused by internal fault of the transformer. the
transformer shall be immediately shut down and repair it as soon as possible;
 if it is caused by over-load operation of the transformer, the load shall be
immediately reduced when the top oil temperature exceeds 105℃;
 many faults of the transformer may be accompanied by sharp temperature
rise. Check whether the operating voltage is too high, whether the connection
between each end of bushing and bus or cable is tight or overheat. Failure of
cooling fans and oil pumps, damaged thermometers and unopened cooler
valves may lead to abnormal transformer oil temperature too;
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