Lecture 30 - One-way Slab

Design
April 9, 2003
CVEN 444
Lecture Goals

One-way slab design

 Joist
 Slab
Example: One-way Slab
Design
Design a one way slab with a clear span of 10 ft. Use 12
in. wide segment bw. fy = 40 ksi, fc = 3 ksi and a live load of
325 psf.
Example: One-way Slab
Design

Determine the preliminary slab depth for an internal

section

l  correction  f y  60 ksi
h  * 
28  factor 
Example: One-way Slab
Design
The correction factor is: CF = 0.4 + (fy/100)
 12 in. 
10 ft  
 ft   40 
h *  0.4    3.43 in.  3.5 in.
28  100 

Self-weight of the element for a 1 ft. segment

 1 ft 
wDL  3.5 in.    1.0 ft  *0.15 k/ft 3
 0.04375 k/ft
 12 in. 
Example: One-way Slab
Design
The factored load
wu  1.2 wDL  1.6 wLL
 1.2  0.04375 k/ft   1.6  0.325 k/ft 
 0.5725 k/ft
Factored moments demanded
2
w l
M u  u
16
2
w l
M u  u  critical
11
Example: One-way Slab
Design
The factored moment
 0.5725 k/ft   10 ft 
2 2
wu l
M u   5.205 k-ft
11 11
 62.5 k-in.
The depth of the reinforcement (assume #6 bar) is

db 0.75 in.
d  h  cover   3.5 in.  0.75 in. 
2 2
 2.375 in.
Example: One-way Slab
Design
Obtain a set of the equations to find (c/d)

Mu
 Ru bd 2

 k 
Ru  0.85 f c k  1  
 2
2  M u /   1c
k  1 1 2

0.85 f cbd d
Example: One-way Slab
Design
Find (c/d) for the given slab

2  62.5 k-in / 0.9 

k  1 1  0.558
0.85  3 ksi   12 in.  2.375 in.
2

c 0.558
  0.657
d 0.85

Therefore, the slab is in the compression control region.

Example: One-way Slab
Design
Need the steel to be in the tension controlled region. So
chose an arbitrary k, k=0.3 and k’=0.255

  0.255  
Ru  0.85  3 ksi   0.255  1    0.567 ksi
 2 
Mu 62.5 k-in.
Mu  0.9
Ru bd 
2
d    3.19 in.
 Ru b  0.567 ksi   12 in.
Example: One-way Slab
Design
Determine the depth of the slab with the new d.

db 0.75 in.
h  d  cover   3.19 in.  0.75 in. 
2 2
 4.318 in.  Use 5 in.

with h =5 in., then d= 3.875 in. Go back and check (c/d) ratio
Example: One-way Slab
Design
The new factored load is
wu  1.2 wDL  1.6wLL
 1.2  0.0625 k/ft   1.6  0.325 k/ft 
 0.595 k/ft

The maximum moment is

 0.595 k/ft   10 ft 
2 2
wu l
M u   5.409 k-ft
11 11
 64.9 k-in.
Example: One-way Slab
Design
Determine the new value for k’ and (c/d)

2  64.9 k-in / 0.9 

k  1 1  0.172
0.85  3 ksi   12 in.  3.875 in.
2

c 0.172
  0.202
d 0.85

Therefore, the slab is in the tension controlled region.

Example: One-way Slab
Design
Determine the area of the steel
Mu
Mu  k  
 As f y d 1    As 
  2  k 
f y d 1  
 2
64.9 k-in
As  0.9  0.509 in 2
 0.172 
 40 ksi   3.875 in. 1  
 2 
Example: One-way Slab
Design
The area of steel is 0.509 in2 per foot. Calculate the maximum
allowable spacing
3h  3  5 in.  15 in. governs
s  smaller 
 18 in.
Select bars and spacing. Use #6 (0.44 in2) per 9 in.

As  12 in.  0.44 in 2  12 in. 

      0.587 in 2
per foot
spacing  ft  9 in.  ft 
Example: One-way Slab
Design
Transverse reinforcement is due to temperature and shrinkage
so Amin is
Amin  0.002bh  0.002  5 in.  12 in.
 0.12 in 2
Select bars and spacing. Use #3 (0.11 in2) per 11 in.

As  12 in.  0.11 in 2  12 in. 

      0.12 in 2
per foot
spacing  ft  11 in.  ft 
Example 2: One-way Slab
Design
Determine the required depth and reinforcement for the one-way
joist system shown. The joist are 6 in. wide and are space 36 in.
o.c. The slab is 3.5 in. thick.
fc = 4 ksi fy = 60 ksi
DL = 130 psf (include
self-
weight)
LL= 60 psf
Example 2: One-way Slab
Design
Width of spandrel beam = 20 in.
Width of interior beam = 36 in.
Column: interior = 18 in. x 18 in.
exterior = 16 in. x 16 in.

Story height = 13 ft.

Example 2: One-way Slab
Design
Compute the factored moments at the faces of the supports and
determine the depth
wu  1.2 wDL  1.6wLL
 1.2  0.13 k/ft 2   1.6  0.06 k/ft 2 
 0.252 k/ft 2
The tributary area is 3 ft wide on the joists

wu   0.252 k/ft 2   3 ft 
 0.756 k/ft
 Example 2: One-way Slab
Design
Compute the moments for all of the sections; the
 1 ft 
external length is 30 ft  10 in.  18 in.     27.67 ft

beam widths
 12 in. 
External section:

wu ln2  0.756 k/ft   27.67 ft 

2

Mu 
-
  24.1 k-ft
24 24
wu ln2  0.756 k/ft   27.67 ft 
2

Mu 
+
  41.3 k-ft
14 14
 0.756 k/ft   27.67 ft 
2 2
wl
Mu 
-

u n
 57.9 k-ft
10 10
Example 2: One-way Slab
Design
Compute the moments for the sections; the internal length is
 1 ft 
30 ft   18 in.  18 in.    27.0 ft
        12 in. 
beam widths

Internal section:
wu ln2  0.756 k/ft   27.0 ft 
2

Mu 
-
  50.1 k-ft
11 11
wu ln2  0.756 k/ft   27.0 ft 
2

Mu 
+
  34.4 k-ft
16 16
Example 2: One-way Slab
Design
Determine the maximum d for the joist if we use the maximum
moment for (c/d)= 0.3 and k’= 0.255, thickness b = 6 in. and a
maximum moment 57.9 k-ft

  0.255  
Ru  0.85  3 ksi   0.255  1    0.567 ksi
 2 
 12 in. 
Mu 57.9 k-ft  
 ft 
Mu  0.9
Ru bd 2  d    13.05 in.
 Ru b  0.567 ksi   6 in.
Example 2: One-way Slab
Design
The additional distance, h = d + 0.75 in (cover)+ db
h = 13.05 in + 0.75 in + 0.5 in.=13.05 in. + 1.25 in.
h = 14.3 in.
From 9.5a (ACI Table 9.5)
 12 in. 
l
 30 ft   
h   ft   19.45 in.
28 28

Use h = 19.5 in. Depth of joist = 19.5in – 3.5 in. = 16 in.

Example 2: One-way Slab
Design
Find (c/d) for external column, Mu = 24.1 k-ft (289.2 k-in)
d= 19.5 in. – 1.25 in. = 18.25 in.

2  289.2 k-in / 0.9 

k  1 1  0.048
0.85  4 ksi   6 in.  18.25 in.
2

The area can be computed using

0.85 f cbdk 
As f y  0.85 f cba  As 
fy
Example 2: One-way Slab
Design
The area of the steel
0.85  4 ksi   6 in.  18.25 in.  0.048 
As   0.30 in 2
 60 ksi 

The minimum area by definition is

 3 fc 3 4000
 bd   6 in.  18.25 in.  0.35 in 2
 fy 60000
Amin 
 200 bd  200  6 in.  18.25 in.  0.37 in 2
 fy 60000

Example 2: One-way Slab
Design
Calculate the maximum allowable spacing

3h  3  3.5 in.  10.5 in. governs

s  smaller 
 18 in.
Example 2: One-way Slab
Design
Use 0.37 in2 distributed over 3 ft section of the joist
0.37 in 2
As   0.123 in /ft
2

3 ft
Use #3 @ 10 in spacing

As  12 in.  0.11 in 2  12 in. 

      0.132 in 2
per foot
spacing  1 ft  10 in.  1 ft 
 Example 2: One-way Slab
Design
Find (c/d) for middle of beam, Mu = 41.3 k-ft (495.6 k-in)

2  495.6 k-in / 0.9 

k  1 1  0.0846
0.85  4 ksi   6 in.  18.25 in.
2

The area can be computed using

0.85  4 ksi   6 in.  18.25 in.  0.0846 

As   0.525 in 2
 60 ksi 
Example 2: One-way Slab
Design
Calculate the a value of the beam for the positive moment

a
As f y

 0.525 in   60 ksi 
2

0.85f cb 0.85  4 ksi   36 in.

 0.26 in.  3.5 in.

Use 2 #5 bars (As = 0.62 in2 )

Example 2: One-way Slab
Design
Find (c/d) for internal column, Mu = 57.9 k-ft (694.8 k-in)

2  694.8 k-in / 0.9 

k  1 1  0.121
0.85  4 ksi   6 in.  18.25 in.
2

The area can be computed using

0.85  4 ksi   6 in.  18.25 in.  0.121

As   0.75 in 2
 60 ksi 
Example 2: One-way Slab
Design
Use 0.75 in2 distributed over 3 ft section of the joist

0.75 in 2
As   0.25 in 2 /ft
3 ft
Use #4 @ 9 in spacing

As  12 in.  0.2 in 2  12 in. 

      0.267 in 2
per foot
spacing  1 ft  9 in.  1 ft 
Example 2: One-way Slab
Design
The summary:
End Span
Mu Area Bars
external negative moment 24.1 k-ft 0.37 in2 # 3 @ 10 in.
positive moment 41.3 k-ft 0.525 in2 2 # 5 bars
internal negative moment 57.9 k-ft 0.75 in2 # 4 @ 10 in.

Internal Span

positive moment 34.4 k-ft 0.44 in2 2 # 5 bars

negative moment 50.1 k-ft 0.64 in2 # 4 @ 10 in.
Example 2: One-way Slab
Design
Slab reinforcement normal to the ribs is often located at mid-
depth of the slab to resist both positive and negative moments.
The length between joist is 36 in. – 6 in. = 30 in. or 2.5 ft.

wu  1.2 wDL  1.6wLL

  1 ft  3 
 1.2  3.5 in.     
2
 0.150 k/ft  1.6 0.06 k/ft
  12 in.  
 0.149 k/ft 2
Example 2: One-way Slab
Design
The moment is

 0.149 k/ft   2.5 ft 

2 2
wl
Mu  u n
 0.078 k-ft
12 12
The d = 3.5 in. – 0.75 in. – 0.25 in. = 2.5 in. and the k’ value
will be

2  0.931 k-in / 0.9 

k  1 1  0.004
0.85  4 ksi   12 in.  2.5 in.
2
Example 2: One-way Slab
Design
The area of steel

0.85  4 ksi   12 in.  2.5 in.  0.004 

As   0.01 in 2
 60 ksi 
The minimum reinforcement is governed by temperature and
shrinkage from ACI 7.12.2.1

Amin  0.0018bh  0.0018  12 in.  3.5 in.

 0.08 in 2 /ft
Example 2: One-way Slab
Design
Calculate the maximum allowable spacing (ACI 7.12.2.2)
5h  5  3.5 in.  17.5 in. governs
s  smaller 
 18 in.
Select bars and spacing. Use #3 (0.11 in2) per 16 in.

As  12 in.  0.11 in 2  12 in. 

      0.0825 in 2
per foot
spacing  1 ft  16 in.  1 ft 
Example 2: One-way Slab
Design
Shear at supports must be checked. Since the joists meet the
required in ACI 8.11.8, the contribution of the concrete to the
shear strength, Vc is permitted to be 10% more than that
specified in 11ACI