Scribd
Upload
145 views

Preparing Research Instruments

The document defines different types of research instruments used to gather data including surveys, questionnaires, experiments, observations, and interviews. It provides details on how to develop each type of instrument and important things to remember such as developing questions, designing experiments, conducting observations, and planning interview stages. The goal is to help prepare valid and reliable instruments that directly address research questions.

Uploaded by

Paul Anthony Vigo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
145 views

Preparing Research Instruments

The document defines different types of research instruments used to gather data including surveys, questionnaires, experiments, observations, and interviews. It provides details on how to develop each type of instrument and important things to remember such as developing questions, designing experiments, conducting observations, and planning interview stages. The goal is to help prepare valid and reliable instruments that directly address research questions.

Uploaded by

Paul Anthony Vigo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Preparing

Research
Instruments
By: Mrs. Sarah
Jean R. Tilos
1

Learning At the end of this lesson,


Objectives you will be able to:
• define research instruments;
• differentiate the different
kinds of research
instruments;
• explain the use for each
kinds of research
What are Research
Instruments?
When preparing an
Research Instruments
instrument, you must
are tools used to
ensure that is valid
gather data on a
and reliable. An
specific topic of
instrument is valid
interest. When
when it directly
conduction a research,
answer or addresses
you need to prepare
your research
and implement the
questions. It is reliable
appropriate
when it provides you
instrument to gather
consistent and stable
There are five
common types of
Types of research
Research • instruments:
Survey
Instrument • Questionnaire
s • Experiment
• Observation
• Interview/Interview
• A survey contains
planned questions which
are used to measure
attitudes, perceptions,
and opinions.
• It contains responses
Survey directly related to each
specific question. It can
either be in the form of
an interview or a
questionnaire (written or
oral)
Things to Remember:
• There are three type of questions that you can use when
conducting a survey:
1. Recall – ask for specific information such as years of
service, age, and address.
2. Recognition – ask for response to a specific questions
where options are given such as in the case of multiple
choice, dichotomous (yes/no), and rating scale format.
3. Open-ended – elicits brief explanations or impressions
from the respondents.
• Compare with the
interview, a questionnaire
is more quantifiable.
• It lists written questions to
get specific information.

Questionnaire • Reponses in a
questionnaire are usually
dichotomous and use an
identification type of test.
• Open-ended questions are
incorporated in the
questionnaire.
Things to Remember:
Parts of a Questionnaire

1. Personal Information Section – includes the name (optional), age,


date of birth, address, education background and other personal
information about the respondent. Note that only personal
information relevant to the research study should be asked.
2. Basic Questions Section – serves the purposes. The first one is to
establish that the person you are asking is the right person for eh
study. The second purpose (which is only applicable to
interview) is to establish rapport with the interviewees.
3. Main Questions Section – contains questions that
are directly related to your research. It is ideal to
have a multiple question for each specific research
questions. The greater the number of questions, the
greater the possibility of more conclusive results.
4. Open-ended Questions Section – asks for a brief
explanation or response to an open-ended question.
• A procedure
undertaken
specifically and
Experiment systematically to
make a discovery
and test
hypothesis.
Things to Remember:
1. Make observations
2. Develop Hypothesis
3. Design the experiment
4. Conduct the experience. Replicate the experiment to
ensure the reliability of the results
5. Analyze the results
6. Decide whether to accept or reject the hypothesis based
on the results
• Allows the description of
behavior in a naturalistic or
laboratory setting.
• Usually, this instrument is used
to cross-validate the results of
other instruments.
• An observation is most useful
Observation when the answers to research
questions require description of
behavior and setting and when
the respondents cannot literally
answer interview questions and
questionnaire for some valid
reasons such as inability to speak
and write (e.g. infants)
Things to Remember:
1. Develop an observation guide or checklist which identifies the
phenomenon you want to understand.
2. Decide on the type of observation that you will use.
3. Know your limitations as an observer.
4. Use a recording device when appropriate.
5. Always bring paper and pen with you to record other details which
cannot be recorded by a video or audio recorder.
6. Never attempt to influence the behavior of your subjects.
7. Always observe ethics when implementing an observation
instrument.
• An instrument that
allows the researcher to
qualitatively gather
data.
• Responses during an
Interview interview are usually
lengthy and may vary
across the different
research
participants/responden
ts.
Things to Remember:
• An interview consists of different stages:
1. Pre-Interview Stage: It is when an interview guide is
prepared and respondents are identified and contacted.
2. Warm-Up Stage: It is the initial part of the interview when
questions that will make respondents more at ease are asked.
3. Main Interview Stage: It is when the main questions directly
related to the research questions are asked.
4. Closing Stage: It is when questions are asked to wind down
the interview and respondents are acknowledged and
thanked.
References:
• Barot, J.S., & Sipacio, P.J. (2016). English for
Academic & Professional Purposes.C & E Publishing
Inc.

• Magan, R., Turano, C., & Nano, M. C. (2018).


Academic Professional Communications in Applied
English. Mindshapers Co., Inc.

You might also like