Herbal Medicine
Journal
ANTIMIKROBIAL ACTIVITY OF FEW MEDICINAL
HERBS
GROUP 11:
STEFANNY ANANDA YARA (2020112163)
SYAFIRA IRTANTI (2020112166 )
YENIL RAMSA PUTRI (2020112192)
ZETTIRA ISTIQOMAH PUTRI
(2020112197)
ZHAFIRAH RAYHANY NABILAH.S
(2020112198)
ABSTRACT
Methanolic extracts from different parts of four medicinal plants used
locally in folk medicine were evaluated for. It was found that most plant
extracts studied had antibacterial and antifungal activities. Methanolic extract
of leaf of the plant Azadiracta indica, Acacia nilotica and Witania somnifera
showed significant.
Azadiracta indica and A.tinolica showed significant antifungal activity
against A. flavus, Ziziphus. The rhizome extract of curcuma longa showed
significant activity against all tested bacteria and showd.
Keywords: Antibacterial screening, Medicinal plants, Antifungal,
Antibacterial.
INTRODUCTION
Infectious disease are the world's leading cause of premature deaths,
killing almost 50 000 people every day. I addition to this problem, antibiotics
are sometimes associated with adverse effects on host which include
hypersensitivity, immunosuppressant and allergic reactions[4].This has created
immense clinical problems in the treatment of infectious diseases[5].
Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative antimicrobial drugs for the
treatment of infectious diseases; one approach is to screen local medicinal
plants for possible antimicrobial properties. Plant materials remain an
important recourse to combat serious diseases in the world.
According to WHO (1993), 80% of the world's population is dependent on
the traditional medicine and a major part of the traditional therapies involves
the use of plant extracts or their active constituents. Yet a scientific study of
plants to determine their antimicrobial active compounds is a comparatively
new field.
The traditional medicinal methods, specially the use of medicinal plants,
still play a vital role to cover the basic health needs in the developing
countries.
In recent times, the search for potent antibacterial agents
has been shifted to plants. Most plants are medicinally
useful in treating disease in the body and in most of cases
the antimicrobial efficacy value attributed to some plants is
beyond belief.
There are many published reports on the effectiveness of
traditional herbs against Gram-positive and Gram-negative
microorganisms, and as a result plants are still recognized as
the bedrock for modern medicine to treat infectious diseases
NEEM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA A. JUSS)
Neem is one of the most important native medicinal plants of India,
as it has a wide spectrum of biological activity and is the most useful
traditional medicinal plant in India.
Each part of neem tree has some medicinal property. Neem leave,
bark extracts and neem oil are commonly used for anything.
Neem oil suppresses several species of pathogenic bacteria such as
S. aureus and S. typhosa, all strains, the biological activity and
medicinal applications of neem compounds, which have chemical and
structural. This versatile tree is now considered a valuable source of
unique natural products for the development of. the tree is still regarded
as the “village pharmacy” in India.
Curcuma longa (Turmeric)
Curcuma longa (C. longa), a perennial herb, is a member
of the Zingiberaceae family and has a Long tradition ofuse
in the Chinese and Ayurvedic systems of medicine.
Curcuminoids, a group of phenolic compounds isolated
from antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, and
analgesic activities because they contains a number of
fraction II of the oil extract from the turmeric oleoresin,
containing ar-Turmerone, turmerone, and curlone showed
antibacterial activity by the pour plate method against
Bacillus cereus, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus subtilis,
Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Pseudomonas.
Curcumin is the most important fraction which is responsible
for the biological activities of turmeric. Turmericand posses
the properties like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet,
cholesterol lowering It contains a mixture of powerful
antioxidant phytonutrients known as curcuminoids and inhibits
cancer at initiation, promotion and progression stages of tumor
development. C. longa oil was tested against cultures of
Staphylococcus albus, S. aureus and Bacillus typhosus,
inhibiting the antioxidant and antibacterial, the present study
was conducted to compare the antibacterial activity extracts of
C.longa varieties and potency of turmeric varieties on some
bacteria.
Acacia nilotica
Acacia nilotica L. is a common, medium sized tree,
locally known as ‘Babul’ or ‘Kikar’ belongings to the
family. The plant is considered to be antispasmodic and
antidysenteric.Pods and tender leaves are reported to treat
activity[25]. spasmogenic, vasoconstrictor actions[26].
cytotoxic activity[27]and antioxidant activity[28]
WITHANIA SOMNIFERA
Withania somnifera (family Solanaceae) is a medicinally important
herb used in number of Indian herbal n India, it is locally known as
‘Ashwagandha’ and is considered as Indian Ginseng Roots of the plant.
The plant had been reported to grow in wild and is also cultivated in
selective areas of India properties are diverse ranging from anti-
inflammatory,anti-tumor, anti-stress, anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory,
the traditional medical system of India.
Musculoskeletal conditions (e.g., arthritis, rheumatism), and as a
general tonic to increase energy, improve overall. The herbal root extract
has been traditionally used as a tonic and as a sedative Anti-inflammatory
agent; it us used to treat rheumatic pain and arthritis in Ayurveda, the
berries and leaves of W. somnifera are locally applied to
MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Collection of Plant Material:
Fresh leaves of selected plants viz., Azadirachta indica, Acacia
nilotica, Tinospora cordifolia, Withania somnifera and The plants
parts were washed
2.2 Solvent Extraction:
Thoroughly washed dried leaves of five plants of azadiracta
indica , Acacia nilotica and Withania somnifera and rhizome
extract of curcuma longa , of plant material were dried in shade
for four days, Plant parts were placed in anmethanol were place in
mortar and it was grind thoroughly with the pestle The methanol
extract kept at room. The extracts were filter using whattman
filter paper
2.3 Preparation of Inoculum:
The gram positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus)
and gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas
fluorescens and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum) were
pre-cultured in nutrient broth. Overnight in a rotary shaker at 37°C,
centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 6 min, pellet was suspended in double
distilled water and the cell density was standardized
spectrophotometrically (A nm). The fungal inoculums medium. The
Petri dishes were flooded with 9 to 11 ml of distilled water and the
conidia were scraped using sterile
2.4 Anti-bacterial testing:
Antibacterial activity was measured using agar dilution
technique dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Merck) and serially
diluted in molten Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA, Sigma) in all
bacterial strains were grown in Mueller Hinton equivalent to
108 cfu/ml were prepared by dilution with Mueller Hinton
broth.
2.5 Antifungal Activity:
The antifungal activity was tested by disc diffusion method.
The potato dextrose agar plates were inoculated with dissolve
the extract and was completely evaporated before application on
test organism-seeded plates
2.6 Preparation of test samples
For the antimicrobial tests, ethanolic extracts were diluted in
dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO): methanol (1/1: v/v)
2.7 Antimicrobial bioassay
For bioassays, suspension of approximately 1.5 × 108
bacterial cells/ml in sterile normal saline were prepared and.6
mm in diameter and about 2 cm apart were punctured in the
culture media using sterile cork borers. Bioactivity was
determined by measuring Diameter of Inhibition Zones (DIZ) in
mm three times and the mean of the diameter of the inhibition
zones was calculated
RESULTS
The antimicrobial activity of plant parts from four medicinal plant
species has been evaluated in vitro against general, most plant extracts
of the different plant parts exhibited broad spectrum of antimicrobial
Table 1 illustrated that leaf extracts of Azadiracta indica and
A.niloticashowed antimicrobial activity against all test. On the other
hand, methanolic extracts of curcuma longa exhibited antibacterial
activity against all. Azadiracta indica Acacia nilotica Tinospora
cordifolia curcuma longa
Table 2: Antifungal activity of some medicinal plant methanol
extracts (100 µg mlG1) and fungicide (10 µg mlG1) against fungal
species. Fungal sp. Azadiracta indica Acacia nilotica Tinospora
cordifolia Curcuma longa.
DISCUSSION
Activity of different medicinal plant parts extracts of
four plants was screened against the most common
pathogens. In general, methanol leaf extracts of the
selected plants appeared to be effective source of active
antimicrobial.
