Scribd
Upload
53 views

Signal Dan System

This document provides an overview of linear systems and key concepts in signal and system analysis, including: - Definitions of signals, systems, and their interconnections. Continuous-time and discrete-time systems are introduced. - Common signal operations like time shifting, time scaling, and their effects. Periodic signals and their properties are described. - Measures of signal size including energy and power for both continuous and discrete signals. Examples are given to illustrate these concepts. - Common signal models like the unit step function, unit impulse function, exponential functions, and periodic sinusoidal signals. Even and odd functions are also defined. - References are provided for further reading on signals and systems.

Uploaded by

Perum Rajabasa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
53 views

Signal Dan System

This document provides an overview of linear systems and key concepts in signal and system analysis, including: - Definitions of signals, systems, and their interconnections. Continuous-time and discrete-time systems are introduced. - Common signal operations like time shifting, time scaling, and their effects. Periodic signals and their properties are described. - Measures of signal size including energy and power for both continuous and discrete signals. Examples are given to illustrate these concepts. - Common signal models like the unit step function, unit impulse function, exponential functions, and periodic sinusoidal signals. Even and odd functions are also defined. - References are provided for further reading on signals and systems.

Uploaded by

Perum Rajabasa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

Linear System

Week 2 – Signal and System


Qisthi Alhazmi HR., S.T., M.T.
Course Outline
• Brief Review: Signal and System
• Signal Energy and Power
• Signal Models
• Continuous-time and Discrete-time System
…blank
Brief Review
Brief Review: Signal and System
• A signal is a set of data or information
• A signal is formally defined as a function of one or more variables that
convers information on the nature of a physical phenomenon
• Systems are an interconnection of components, devices, or subsystems
• Systems are used to process signals to allow modification or extraction
of additional information from the signals
Signal Operation

  (a) The continuous-time signal

  (b) The time-shifted signal


Signal Operation

  (c) The signal obtained by a time shift and a time reversal


  (e) The signal obtained by
time-shifting and scaling

  (d) The time-scaled signal


Periodic Signal
•A  periodic continuous-time signal x(t) has the property that there is a positive
value of T for which
• A periodic signal has the property that it is unchanged by a time shift of T

• Periodic signals are defined analogously in discrete time


Signal Energy and Power
Signal Energy and Power
•  Signal energy and power are the mathematically way to measure the signal size
• Signal energy must be finite for it to be meaningful measure of signal size
• For signal energy, the amplitude is 0 as
• However, when the amplitude does not 0 as , the signal energy is infinite
• A more meaningful measure of the signal size in such a case would be the time
average of the energy, if it exists. This measure is called the signal power
• For signal energy for signal power
Signal Energy and Power: Example
Determine the suitable measures of the signal in the below figure
Signal Energy and Power: Example
•In  (a), the signal amplitude is 0 as . Therefore, the suitable measure for this signal is
its energy, given by:
Signal Energy and Power: Example
•In  (b), the signal amplitude does not 0 as . However, it is periodic and its power
exist. Averaging over an infinity large interval is identical to averaging this quantity
over one period (2 seconds in this case), so:

Recall that the signal power is the square of its root mean square (rms) value.
Therefore, the rms value of this signal is
Signal Models
Unit Step Function
•  The continuous-time unit step function is defined by

• If we want a signal to start at t=0, we need only multiply the signal by u(t)
• For instance, the signal represents an everlasting exponential starts at
Unit Impulse Function
•  The discrete-time unit impulse function is defined as

• and
• We an visualize an impulse as a tall, narrow, rectangular pulse of unit area, as
illustrated below
Exponential Function
•  The continuous-time complex exponential signal is of the form

• If is positive, then as increases, is a growing exponential. If is negative, is a


deacaying exponential.
Periodic Complex Exponential and
Sinusoidal Signals
•A
  signal closely related to the periodic complex exponential is the sinusoidal
signal

• The unit and are radians and radians per second, respectively
• It is also common to write , where has units of cycles per second or hertz (Hz)
Even and Odd Function
• The
  function x(t) is said to be an even function of t if it is symmetrical about the
vertical axis
• The function x(t) is said to be an odd function of t if it is anti-symmetrical about
the vertical axis
• (even)
• (odd)
Cont-time and Discrete-time
Systems
Simple Systems

Continuous-time system is a system in which continuous-time input signals are


applied and result in continuous-time output signals
Discrete-time system is a system that transforms discrete-time inputs into discrete-
time output
Interconnection Systems
End of the 2 week
nd
References
1. Lathi, B.P. & Green, Roger. Linear Systems and Signals. Oxford
University Press. 2017
2. Oppenheim, Alan V., et. al. Signals and Systems. Prentice Hall. 1997
3. Haykin, Simon & Veen, Barry Van. Signals and Systems. Wiley.
2003
THANK YOU
See you next week!

More information please contact:


E-Mail : [email protected]
Phone : +62 856 9338 0018 (Whatsapp only)

You might also like