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Using The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra

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61 views

Using The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra

Uploaded by

Emma Goebel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

7 Using the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra

Objectives
• The student will solve problems using the
fundamental theorem of algebra.

Copyright © Mr. D. E. Hall All Rights Reserved


1.7 Using the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra

THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF ALGEBRA

If f (x) is a polynomial of degree n where n > 0,


then the equation f (x) = 0 has at least one root
in the set of complex numbers.

Copyright © Mr. D. E. Hall All Rights Reserved


1.7 Using the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra

Definition
Complex Number – a number a + bi where a and b are
real numbers and i is an imaginary unit. The number a
is the real part of the complex number, and the number
bi is the imaginary part.
Imaginary Unit i – is defined as i  1, so that i  1.
2

Imaginary Number – a complex number


a  bi where a  0 and b  0.

Pure Imaginary Number: bi

Copyright © Mr. D. E. Hall All Rights Reserved


1.7 Using the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra

Key Skills Finding the Number of


Solutions or Zeros
State the number of solutions and tell what they
are. f ( x)  x 3  2 x 2  x  2
1 2
Solution By the Rational Zero Theorem possible zeros are: x   ,
1 1
f ( x )  ( x  2)( x 2  1)
Setting each factor equal to zero.
The three zeros are: 2, i, and  i.

Copyright © Mr. D. E. Hall All Rights Reserved


1.7 Using the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra

Key Skills Finding the Number of


Solutions or Zeros
State the number of solutions tell and what they
are. x  7 x  18 x  10  0
4 2
1 2 5 10
Solution x   , , ,
By the Rational Zero Theorem possible zeros are: 1 1 1 1
f ( x)  ( x  1)( x  1)( x  2 x  10)
2

By the Quadratic formula:


2 ( 2) 2  4(1)(10) 2  36
x 
2(1) 2
Therefore, there are four zeros:
 1, 1, 1  3i, and 1  3i.

Copyright © Mr. D. E. Hall All Rights Reserved


1.7 Using the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra

Key Skills Finding the Number of


Solutions or Zeros
State the number of solutions tell and what they
are. x  7 x  18 x  10  0
4 2

f ( x )  ( x  1)( x  1)( x  2 x  10)


2

Therefore, there are four zeros:


 1, 1, 1  3i, and 1  3i.
Repeated Solution – for the equation f (x)= 0, k is a
repeated solution if and only if the factor (x – k)
has degree greater than 1 when f is factored
completely.

Copyright © Mr. D. E. Hall All Rights Reserved


1.7 Using the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra

Key Skills Using Zeros to Write


Polynomial Functions
Write a polynomial function f of least degree that
has real coefficients, leading coefficient of 1, and
zeros −1 and 2 + i.
Solution Because 2 + i is a zero its complex conjugate 2 – i must also
be a zero. By the factor theorem:
f ( x)  ( x  1)( x  (2  i))( x  (2  i ))
 ( x  1)( x  4 x  4  i )
2 2

 ( x  1)( x  4 x  5)
2

f ( x)  x  3x  x  5
3 2

Copyright © Mr. D. E. Hall All Rights Reserved


1.7 Using the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra

Definition

Complex Conjugates: Two complex numbers of the form


a + bi and a – bi.
The product of complex conjugates
is always a real number.

Copyright © Mr. D. E. Hall All Rights Reserved


1.7 Using the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra

Key Skills Using Zeros to Write


Polynomial Functions
Write a polynomial function f of least degree that
has real coefficients, leading coefficient of 1, and
4, 3i, and −3i as zeros.
Solution By the factor theorem:

f ( x)  ( x  4)( x  (3i ))( x  (3i ))


 ( x  4)( x  (3i ) )
2 2

 ( x  4)( x  9)
2

f ( x)  x  4 x  9 x  36
3 2

Copyright © Mr. D. E. Hall All Rights Reserved


1.7 Using the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra

Key Skills Checking Zeros


Determine whether the given x-value is a zero of
the function. f ( x)  x 3  3x 2  5 x  25, x  5

f (5)  5  3(5)  5(5)  25


3 2

 125  75  25  25  0

Yes, the given x-value


is a zero of the function.

Copyright © Mr. D. E. Hall All Rights Reserved


1.7 Using the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra

Key Skills Checking Zeros


Determine whether the given x-value is a zero of
the function. f ( x)  x  2 x  6 x  5 x  2, x  2
4 3 2

f (2)  2  2(2 )  6(2)  5(2)  2


4 3 2

 16  16  24  10  2  0

No, the given x-value


is NOT a zero of the function.

Copyright © Mr. D. E. Hall All Rights Reserved

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