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Physics 05.5 Momentum and Impulse

This document provides information about momentum, impulse, and their relationship. It discusses how impulse is equal to change in momentum and can be used to increase or decrease an object's speed. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate impulse, momentum, and force from given values. The key relationship discussed is that impulse is equal to change in momentum, and this can be used to solve various physics problems involving collisions or forces over time.

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48 views21 pages

Physics 05.5 Momentum and Impulse

This document provides information about momentum, impulse, and their relationship. It discusses how impulse is equal to change in momentum and can be used to increase or decrease an object's speed. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate impulse, momentum, and force from given values. The key relationship discussed is that impulse is equal to change in momentum, and this can be used to solve various physics problems involving collisions or forces over time.

Uploaded by

juluces
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IB PHYSICS SL - HL

Physics
MSc. César M. Rodríguez Osorio
Momentum & Impulse
IB PHYSICS | UNIT 5 | ENERGY &
MOMENTUM
Warm Up
What is the truck’s velocity after the collision?
7g
IB Physics Data Booklet
Remember Work?
Work = Force × Distance
2,000 kg
5,000 N

0 m s-1
100 m
Impulse
Impulse = Force ×
2,000 kg _________ 8.9 s
5,000 N

0 m s-1
100 m
Impulse
Work  Change in Energy
Impulse  Change in
____________
IB Physics Data Booklet
Impulse and Momentum
Impulse can act to increase or decrease an
object’s momentum

𝑣  𝑓 =0 𝑚/𝑠 𝑣  𝑖=0 𝑚/ 𝑠

𝑣  𝑖=0 𝑚 / 𝑠
Impulse  Slowing Down
How can we decrease the
force acting on an object?
Impulse and Momentum
The impulse is the same in both cases but the force is different
What if the force isn’t constant?
Remember how we found
13 work done by a varying force?
12
11
10
9
8
Force (N)

7
6
5
4
3
2
1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time (s)
Which impulse is larger?
13
12
11
10
9
8
Force (N)

7
6
5
4
3
2
1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time (s)
The force matters!
Slapshot!
A hockey puck has a mass of 0.115 kg. A player
takes a slap shot which exerts a force of 31.0 N for
0.15 sec. How fast will the puck be moving?
Impulse and Momentum
The 440 newton Liquid Apogee Motor (LAM) of India's Mars Orbiter Spacecraft, was successfully fired
for a duration of 3.968 seconds on September 22, 2014. This operation of the spacecraft's main liquid
engine was also used for the spacecraft's trajectory correction and changed its velocity by 2.18 m s -1.
What was the mass of the spacecraft at the time of this engine firing?

Impulse = FΔt = Δp
Direction Matters
u Assume u is 30 m s-1 to the left
and v is 10 m s-1 to the right.
v What is the change in velocity?
Try This…
A 500 g baseball moves to the left at 20 m s-1 striking a bat.
The bat is in contact with the ball for 0.002 s, and it leaves
in the opposite direction at 40 m s-1. What was average
force on ball?

20 m s-1

m = 0.5 kg
Impulse in action
Should a cannon have a long or
short barrel to produce to largest
final velocity? Why?
Marshmallow Shooter
Tape

Start marshmallow here


distance

Straw Length Distance


Long
Medium
Short
Try This…
Kara Less was applying her makeup when she drove into South's busy parking lot last Friday
morning. Unaware that Lisa Ford was stopped in her lane, Kara rear-ended Lisa's rental car.
Kara's 1300-kg car was moving at 5 m s-1 and stopped in 0.4 seconds. What was the force?

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