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To Our MIC206 Presentation: Welcome

This presentation summarizes Gregor Mendel's laws of inheritance and genetics. It introduces Mendel's three laws: the law of segregation, the law of independent assortment, and the law of dominance. It then explains concepts like test crosses, incomplete dominance, co-dominance, and limitations of Mendelian genetics. The presentation aims to explain basic Mendelian genetics and inheritance patterns. It discusses how this relates to meiosis and why complex disorders cannot be fully described by Mendelian genetics alone. In conclusion, while modern genetics understands the underlying mechanisms better, Mendel's laws still accurately describe inheritance of many traits.

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Suraiya Siraj Neha
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57 views23 pages

To Our MIC206 Presentation: Welcome

This presentation summarizes Gregor Mendel's laws of inheritance and genetics. It introduces Mendel's three laws: the law of segregation, the law of independent assortment, and the law of dominance. It then explains concepts like test crosses, incomplete dominance, co-dominance, and limitations of Mendelian genetics. The presentation aims to explain basic Mendelian genetics and inheritance patterns. It discusses how this relates to meiosis and why complex disorders cannot be fully described by Mendelian genetics alone. In conclusion, while modern genetics understands the underlying mechanisms better, Mendel's laws still accurately describe inheritance of many traits.

Uploaded by

Suraiya Siraj Neha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Welcome

To Our MIC206 Presentation

Submitted To:
• Mahbubul H Siddiqee
• Lecturer, Department of
Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Brace Yourselves

PEAS ARE COMING

Topic
Mendelism
Contens
 Introduction
 Mendel’s Laws
I. Law of Segregation
II. Law of Independent Assortment
III. Law of Dominance
 Test Cross
 Non-Mendelism Inheritance
 Limitations
 Conclusion
Introduction
 Biological inheritance

 Proposed by Gregor Johan Mendel

 Established after death

 Father of Genetics
Mendel’s Law
 Law of Segregation
 Law of Independent Assortment
 Law of Dominance
Law of Segregation
During gamete formation, the
alleles for each gene segregate from
each other so that each gamete
carries only one allele for each
gene.
Law of Independent Assortment
Genes for different traits can segregate
independently during the formation of
gametes.
Law of Dominance
Some alleles are dominant while others
are recessive; an organism with at least
one dominant allele will display the
effect of the dominant allele.
Test Cross
The cross of an organism with an
unknown dominant genotype with an
organism that is homozygous recessive
for that trait. A test cross can determine
whether the individual being tested is
homozygous dominant (pure bred) or
heterozygous dominant (hybrid).
Cell chooses the dominant gene
independently!
How cell choose independently that which gene should be dominant?

Mendel's law of independent assortment states that the alleles of two


(or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one
another. In other words, the allele a gamete receives for one gene does
not influence the allele received for another gene.

Example: Pea color and pea shape genes


What is gene mutation for allelelism?
A mutant allele is created when an existing allele changes to a
new genetic state this process is called genetic mutation. This
event always involves a change in the physical composition of
the gene and sometimes produces an allele that has a detect able
phenotypic effect.
So far, we’ve discussed Simple
Inheritance & Punnett Squares

But, of course, genetic is much more


complicated than that.

Let’s explore:
 Incomplete dominance
 Multiple alleles
 Co-dominance
Non-Mendelism Dominance: Incomplete Dominance

 Patterns of dominance often go beyond simple


dominant or recessive traits.

 Incomplete dominance has “degrees”. It is not


complete.

F1 generation’s appearance between the phenotypes of


the 2 parents.
The color alleles of Mirabilis jalapa are not dominant or
recessive.

Ex: Snapdragons (1) Parental generation. (2) F1 generation. (3) F2


generation. The "red" and "white" allele together make
a "pink" phenotype, resulting in a 1:2:1 ratio of
red:pink:white in the F2 generation.
Non-Mendelism Dominance: Co-Dominance

 When there are more than two possible alleles


for a gene.

Examples:

 Eye Color

 Human Blood Types (ABO)


Non-Mendelism Dominance: Co-Dominance

 Two alleles affect the phenotype in separate,


distinguishable ways.
Phenotype Genotype
Type A IAIA or IAi
Examples:
Type B IBIB or IBi
AB Blood Type
Type AB IA IB
 Has three alleles: A, B & O Type O ii

 AB co-dominant, O recessive

 Genotype represented using IA, IB & i


ABO Blood Types

You make antibodies against the antigens of other


blood types.

 Q: Which blood type can accept anyone's blood.

 Q: Which blood type is known as the “universal


donor. Why?
How do Mendelian Genetics relates to
meiosis?
Inheritance factors for each trait come in pairs
and are segregated into separate reproductive
cells for sexual reproduction. Each pair of
homologous chromosomes is segregated
independently of other pairs of homologous
chromosomes during meiosis I leading to
probable outcome combinations of genes in
gametes.
Complex disorders and Mendelian
Genetics
Why complex disorders cannot be described by mendelian
genetics?
 Multiple genes are involved
 Epigenetics
Mendelian genetics is still relevant!
Why mendelian genetics is still relevant today?
 Accurately describes the allele
 Describes behavior of several traits
 Explains genetically inherited diseases
Limitations
 Lethal gene
 Epistasis
Conclusion
The big difference between the modern science of genetics and
Mendel's basic laws is that modern scientists have a much clearer
understanding of the mechanisms behind the patterns Mendel
observed.
Thank You!
Acknowledgement
• Shuvendu Bijoy Paul, ID: 15226002
• Hafsa Rahman, ID: 15226011
• Mariha Fazrin, ID: 16326005

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