Object-Oriented Programming in VBA: Basic Co Ncepts Cta 9
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david AbotsitseObject-Oriented Programming in VBA: Basic Co Ncepts Cta 9
Uploaded by
david AbotsitseObject-oriented Programming
in VBA
n ce p t s
Ba s i c co Adapted from Slides
By Prof. Adrian Holzer
9
(JAVA) With kind
CT A permission
Today
Classes
Objects
Goals
• Understand basic Object programming
concepts
• Be familiar with Objects when working with
Excel’s object model (next lesson)
• Improve the structure of your programs if
you’ll be making extensive use of VBA
Objects
represent particular ’things’ from the
real world, or from some problem
domain (ex: “my blue rocking chair”)
Classes
represent all objects
of a kind
(ex: “chairs”)
Specification vs Implementation
(what it does)
(how it does
it)
Specification viewpoint
Methods & Parameters
rotate()
Methods & Parameters
Methods may have parameters
to pass additional information
needed to execute
Rotate(degrees as integer)
Methods & Parameters
Rotate(degrees
as integer)
Implementation Viewpoint
(how it does
it)
Instances
Many instances (objects)
can be created from a
single class
Properties (fields)
The VBA source code of classes defines the attributes
(Properties / or fields) and methods all objects of the class
have
class Chair
Color as String
Model as String
IsBroken as Boolean
Age as Integer
Property (Field) Values
An object stores its own values for each property /
field
Chair myChair1
color “green”
model “shell”
isBroken false
age 5
the field values represent the object’s state
Two Chair Instances
class Chair
Color as String
Model as String
IsBroken as Boolean
Age as Integer
Chair myChair1 Chair myChair2
color “brown” color “green”
model “wood” model “shell”
isBroken false isBroken false
age 50 age 5
Example
Defining a class module
Class name
You now need to give your class a name
(initially it will be called Class 1) in the
Properties window (F4):
Properties (Fields)
Properties store values of an object’s state.
In VBA, they can be defined through
module-level variables
Public name As String
Public birthDate As Date
Private pGender As String
Public grossSalary As Double
They are also known as
instance variables
Visibility modifier field name type
Visibility Modifiers
public access by any class anywhere
private within class
Default (Dim) private
Creating an object
Once the Class Module has been defined, it can be used as a
new type in order to create an instance
Sub test()
Dim myEmployee As CEmployee
Set myEmployee = New CEmployee
Creation of a new
object
Using properties
Properties are accessed / modified in the
same way as fields of a user-defined type
myEmployee.name = "Paul"
myEmployee.birthDate = CDate("03.03.1966")
myEmployee.grossSalary = 100000
MsgBox myEmployee.name
myEmployee.pGender = "M" Not allowed on
private variables !
Properties :
alternative
Properties can also be defined through Property procedures
(Get & Let (or Set)). This allows to have more control on the
object
Property Get gender() As String For Object properties, you
gender = pGender
End Property must use
Property Let gender(ByVal theGender As String) Property Set (instead of Let)
If theGender = "M" Or theGender = "F" Then
pGender = theGender
Else
MsgBox "Undefined gender : " & theGender & " F or M to be used"
End If
End Property
Properties :
alternative(II)
Property Get allows you to have “computed” fields or read-
only fields
Property Get currentAge() As Double
currentAge = WorksheetFunction.Days360 _
(birthDate, Date) / 360
End Property
No property Let : currentAge
is “read only” (and not stored)
Methods
Methods implement the behavior of objects
Public Sub AdaptSalaryToCostOfLiving(rate As Double)
Me.grossSalary = Me.grossSalary * (1 + rate)
The header defines the End Sub
method’s signature
The body encloses the method’s statements
Method
Methods can be either subs or functions
Public Function ComputeLPPAge(valuationYear As Integer) As Integer
ComputeLPPAge = valuationYear - Year(Me.birthDate)
End Function
They are called in the same way as properties
age = myEmployee.ComputeLPPAge(2012)
myEmployee.AdaptSalaryToCostOfLiving (0.01)
Local Variables
So Far
So Far
Abstraction
Abstraction is the ability to ignore
details of parts to focus attention
on a higher level of a problem
Modularization
Modularization is the process of
dividing a whole into well-defined
parts, which can be built and examined
separately, and which interact in well-
defined ways
Specification
Behavior of a typical ticket machine:
Machines supply tickets of a fixed price
Q:
How is that price determined?
Q:How is ‘money’ entered into a machine?
Q:How does a machine keep track of the money that is entered?
Specification
Interacting with an object gives
us clues about its behavior
(what it does)
Implementation
Looking inside its class allows us to
determine how that behavior is provided or
implemented
(how it does
it)
References
[Seref 07] Michelle M.H. Şeref, Ravindra K. Ahuja, and Wayne L. Winston ;
Developing Spreadsheet-Based Decision Support Systems Using Excel and
VBA for Excel ; Dynamic Ideas, Belmont, Massachusetts 2007
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/office/aa164936(v=office.10).aspx
