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Physical and Chemical Changes - CLASS 7

Through this material, the learners can easily cover the chapter with full online mode of fun. This ppt covers full chapter with summary and important pointers. There are some you tube video links for better understanding. Happy Learning!

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Dishita Rathi
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86 views34 pages

Physical and Chemical Changes - CLASS 7

Through this material, the learners can easily cover the chapter with full online mode of fun. This ppt covers full chapter with summary and important pointers. There are some you tube video links for better understanding. Happy Learning!

Uploaded by

Dishita Rathi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Some common chemical reactions

 1. RUSTING OF IRON

Rust is a flaxy reddish brown


layer.  Iron objects
consequently react with the
Oxygen in the air and get
rusted in a humid environment.
Rust is Iron Oxide. Rust slowly
eats away the whole metal

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4HfI8Z4Who
PREVENTION OF RUSTING
 Usean Alloy: The use of alloys, like stainless steel, is one of the most
common ways to prevent rust, or slow it down. (Alloys are a mixture of
metals / non metals.
 Apply Oil: A coating of oil will help to prevent rust or slow it down, since
it inhibits moisture from reaching the iron in the metal.
 Paint the Metal: A good quality paint will slow down rusting by
preventing moisture from reaching the metal.
 Galvanize: Galvanizing coats iron or steel with zinc to protect from rust.
 Electroplating : When we plate a desired metal onto iron by using
electricity.
2. BROWNING OF FRUITS AND
VEGETABLES
 Enzymic browning can be observed in fruits such as
apricots, pears, bananas, grapes and avocados, potatoes.
 Enzymatic browning is a chemical process that occurs in
fruits and vegetables. It causes the flesh to discolor, most
commonly in a brown color.
 This effect is caused by a naturally occurring enzyme found
in fruits and vegetables, polyphenol oxidase.
 Oxidation of food taking place on the surface of
the fruit or veggie is the reason for browning.
 Skin of food act as barrier from outside air.
 Oxidation decreases the nutritional value and
flavor of food.
SO… HOW DO WE PREVENT THIS????
PREVENTIONS----

• Brush with lemon juice


• Soaking in water
• Adding preservatives
3. Displacement reaction
So… what is displacement reaction?

A more reactive metal displaces a less


reactive metal from its salt solution. 
Some examples..
4. BAKING SODA AND VINEGAR
 The reaction between baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and vinegar
(dilute acetic acid) generates carbon dioxide gas,water and a salt
(sodium acetate)
 The carbon dioxide escapes the solution as bubbles. The bubbles are
heavier than air, so the carbon dioxide collects at the surface of the
container or overflows it. 
 Itcan be collected and used as a simple chemical fire extinguisher.
Because carbon dioxide is heavier than air, it displaces it. This
starves a fire of the oxygen needed for combustion.
When baking soda is mixed with vinegar, something new is formed.
The mixture quickly foams up with carbon dioxide gas. If enough
vinegar is used, all of the baking soda can be made to react and
disappear into the vinegar solution. ... Sodium bicarbonate and acetic
acid reacts to carbon dioxide, water and sodium acetate.
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR CO2

The most effective way to test for CO2​ is to


bubble the gas through "limewater", a
diluted solution of calcium hydroxide (slaked
lime). When you bubble carbon
dioxide through the solution, it forms a white
solid precipitate of calcium carbonate.
The colorless solution turns milky.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QR6GsydYUSI
5. Burning of magnesium ribbon/ COMBINATION
REACTION)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xVgs60LmXg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9xaFPO4qnPA
 When the magnesium metal
burns, it reacts with oxygen
found in the air to
form Magnesium Oxide.
How do we identify the chemical nature of
the product formed ?
There are 3 observations:

• White dazzling flame


• White ash
• Red litmus turns blue.
6. Decomposition reaction
 A decomposition reaction is a reaction in which a
compound breaks down into two or more simpler
substances. The general form of a decomposition
reaction is: AB→A+B.

 Most decomposition reactions require an input of energy


in the form of heat, light, or electricity.
(a) Thermal decomposition / by using heat
energy

calcium
carbonate breaks
down
into calcium
oxide and carbo
n dioxide. 
(b) By using sunlight

When silver chloride(AgCl) is


exposed to sunlight it get
decomposed into silver and
chlorine itself. This type of
decomposition caused by
the sunlight is called
photolytic decomposition.
(c) By using electricity

Electrolysisof water is the


process of using electricity
to decompose water into
oxygen and hydrogen gas. 
What do we understand from these images ????
CRYSTALLIZATION

A physical process of obtaining


large crystals of a pure substance
from its solution is known as
crystallization. 
CRYSTALLIZATION  is a
physical change.
In the form of crystals.
STEPS OF CRYSTALLIZATION
THANK YOU

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