IP Addressing & Subnetting
MD. MAHBUB HASAN PAVEL
Mobile: 01751-538313 | Email:
[email protected] IP Address
IP Address (IPv4 or IPv6) is a numerical value assigned to Computing
Devices participating in a TCP/IP Network. IP Address is an identifier
for devices on a TCP/IP network.
A Logical Name of a Device.
IPv4 Address is
- 32 bits Logical Address
- Can uniquely identify a device in a Network
- Consists with two (02) Parts (Network & Host)
- Example: 172.16.254.1
Fig: An IPv4 Address Format (Dotted-Decimal Notation)
IPv4: Address Classes and Range
There are Five (05) Classes of IPv4 Addresses:
Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
Class E
Types of IP Address
There are two (02) types of IP Address:
Public IP
Public IP Address is any valid Address, or Number, that can be accessed over the
Internet.
Most of the Addresses in the IP Address range are Public IP Address.
A host using a Public IP Address can be accessed by any other host in the Internet.
Private IP
Private IP address is any number or address assigned to a device on a Private TCP/IP
LAN that is accessible only within the LAN.
These addresses cannot be accessed directly by other hosts in the Internet.
Used by hosts that requires limited or no Internet access.
Private and Public IP Range
IPv4 – Public IP Range
- No need memorize the Public IP Range …
- You already knows the Private IP Range ???
- Rest all the IPs are known as Public IP !!! WoW !!!
Example – An IPv4 Address Range
Network Address is also known as the numerical Network part of an IP
Address. This is used to distinguish a Network that has its own Hosts
and Addresses.
i.e. – usually the First Address of any Subnet
We can’t use Network Address and Broadcast Address in our Network.
Broadcast Address is all binary 1’s and it is the highest Number in
its Class.
i.e. – usually the Last Address of any Subnet
What is Prefix?
Prefix may be expressed in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
Notation written as the First Address of a Network, followed by a
Slash Character (/), and ending with the bit-length of the Prefix.
Example: 118.179.50.0/24 - Network ID/Network Bit
118.179.50.58/29 - IP Address/Network Bit
Classful vs. Classless IP Addresses
Example:
Determining the No. of Host in Prefix
For a Class C IP Address (192.168.10.0/24)
Network Bits = 24
Host Bits = 32 – Network Bits
= 32 – 24
=8
No. of valid Host = 2n – 2 [ Where n= No. of Host Bits]
= 28 – 2
= 256 – 2
= 254
Default Gateway Address
The Gateway Address (or Default Gateway) is a Router Interface
connected to the Local Network that sends packets out of the Local
Network. When a Host in a Network can not determine about the
Destination then it sends the Packets to its Gateway by default.
The Gateway has a Physical and a Logical Address.
The Gateway acts as a Gatekeeper.
For Example: Most of the cases we use the First IP as Default Gateway. In a Prefix
192.168.1.0/24 with valid IP Range from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254, you will find the
IP 192.168.1.1 as your Default Gateway.
Number System
Binary and Decimal Conversion Chart
IP & Subnet Calculation
Network Address (NA): All Network Bits will remain Same, All Host Bits will 0.
Subnet Mask (SM): All Network Bits will 1, All Host Bits will 0.
Wildcard Mask (WM): All Network Bits will 0, All Host Bits will 1.
Broadcast Address (BA): All Network Bits will remain Same, All Host Bits will 1.
Exercise 1:
IP & Subnet Calculation
Here is the reference Prefix is 192.168.1.1/24. Find out the followings:
- Network Address
- Subnet Mask
- Wildcard Mask
- Broadcast Address
Network Address
All Network Bits will remain Same, All Host Bits will 0.
Reference Prefix is 192.168.1.1/24
11000000 . 10101000 . 00000001 . 00000001 - Binary Notation
192 . 168 . 1 . 1 - Dotted-Decimal Notation
11000000 . 10101000 . 00000001 . 00000000 - Binary Notation
192 . 168 . 1 . 0 - Dotted-Decimal Notation
Network Address = 192.168.1.0
Subnet Mask
All Network Bits will 1, All Host Bits will 0.
Reference Prefix is 192.168.1.1/24
11000000 . 10101000 . 00000001 . 00000001 - Binary Notation
192 . 168 . 1 . 1 - Dotted-Decimal Notation
11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 00000000 - Binary Notation
255 . 255 . 255 . 0 - Dotted-Decimal Notation
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Wildcard Mask
All Network Bits will 0, All Host Bits will 1.
Reference Prefix is 192.168.1.1/24
11000000 . 10101000 . 00000001 . 00000001 - Binary Notation
192 . 168 . 1 . 1 - Dotted-Decimal Notation
00000000 . 00000000 . 00000000 . 11111111 - Binary Notation
0 . 0 . 0 . 255 - Dotted-Decimal Notation
Wildcard Mask = 0.0.0.255
Broadcast Address
All Network Bits will remain Same, All Host Bits will 1.
Reference Prefix is 192.168.1.1/24
11000000 . 10101000 . 00000001 . 00000001 - Binary Notation
192 . 168 . 1 . 1 - Dotted-Decimal Notation
11000000 . 10101000 . 00000001 . 11111111 - Binary Notation
192 . 168 . 1 . 255 - Dotted-Decimal Notation
Broadcast Address = 192.168.1.255
Exercise 2:
IP & Subnet Calculation
Here is the reference Prefix is 118.179.10.58/29. Find out the followings:
- Network Address
- Subnet Mask
- Wildcard Mask
- Broadcast Address
Network Address
All Network Bits will remain Same, All Host Bits will 0.
Reference Prefix is 118.179.10.58/29
01110110 . 10110011 . 00001010 . 00111010 - Binary Notation
118 . 179 . 10 . 58 - Dotted-Decimal Notation
01110110 . 10110011 . 00001010 . 00111000 - Binary Notation
118 . 179 . 10 . 56 - Dotted-Decimal Notation
Network Address = 118.179.10.56
Subnet Mask
All Network Bits will 1, All Host Bits will 0.
Reference Prefix is 118.179.10.58/29
01110110 . 10110011 . 00001010 . 00111010 - Binary Notation
118 . 179 . 10 . 58 - Dotted-Decimal Notation
11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 11111000 - Binary Notation
255 . 255 . 255 . 248 - Dotted-Decimal Notation
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.248
Wildcard Mask
All Network Bits will 0, All Host Bits will 1.
Reference Prefix is 118.179.10.58/29
01110110 . 10110011 . 00001010 . 00111010 - Binary Notation
118 . 179 . 10 . 58 - Dotted-Decimal Notation
00000000 . 00000000 . 00000000 . 00000111 - Binary Notation
0 . 0 . 0 . 7 - Dotted-Decimal Notation
Wildcard Mask = 0.0.0.7
Broadcast Address
All Network Bits will remain Same, All Host Bits will 1.
Reference Prefix is 118.179.10.58/29
01110110 . 10110011 . 00001010 . 00111010 - Binary Notation
118 . 179 . 10 . 58 - Dotted-Decimal Notation
01110110 . 10110011 . 00001010 . 00111111 - Binary Notation
118 . 179 . 10 . 63 - Dotted-Decimal Notation
Broadcast Address = 118.179.10.63
Home Work
202.4.101.253/30
115.127.120.21/19
Classful/Classless =?
192.168.10.27/24 Public/Private =?
Network Address =?
172.16.42.22/28 Subnet Mask =?
203.96.100.5/26 Wildcard Mask =?
Broadcast Address =?
118.179.60.194/29 No. of valid Host =?
8.8.8.8/8 First IP =?
Last IP =?
10.91.121.97/25
192.168.155.12/27
103.76.44.23/22
