Internal

WCDMA Radio Interface

Physical Channel

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 The physical layer offers data transport services
to higher layers.
All the information between UE and the UTRAN
will be carried by the physical channels.
Different physical channel bears different
function.

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 References
 TS 25.104 UTRA (BS) FDD Radio Transmission and Re
ception
 TS 25.201 Physical layer-general description
 TS 25.211 Physical channels and mapping of
transport channels onto physical channels (FDD)
 TS 25.212 Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD)
 TS 25.213 Spreading and modulation (FDD)
 TS 25.214 Physical layer procedures (FDD)
 TS 25.308 UTRA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
(HSDPA); Overall description; Stage 2
 TR 25.877 High Speed Downlink Packet Acces (HSDPA) -
Iub/Iur Protocol Aspects
 TR 25.858 Physical layer aspects of UTRA High Speed Do
wnlink Packet Access

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  Upon completion of this course, you will
be able to:
 Understand UMTS physical
channels and the functions

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 Chapter 1 Physical Layer Overview

Chapter 2 Physical Layer Key Technology

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 UTRAN Protocol Structure

Core Network

Iu Iu

RNS RNS
Iur
RNC RNC

Iub Iub Iub Iub

NodeB NodeB NodeB NodeB

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 Radio Interface Protocol Structure GC Nt DC

Duplication avoidance
GC Nt DC
UuS boundary
C-plane signalling U-plane information

control
RRC L3

Radio
control
control
control

control

Bearers

PDCP L2/PDCP
PDCP

BMC L2/BMC

RLC RLC L2/RLC

RLC RLC RLC
RLC RLC RLC
Logical
Channels

MAC L2/MAC
Transport
Channels
PHY L1

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 Spreading Technology
 Spreading consists of 2 steps ：
 Channelization operation, which transforms data symbols into chips. Thus
increasing the bandwidth of the signal, The number of chips per data
symbol is called the Spreading Factor （ SF ） .The operation is done by
multiplying with OVSF code.
 Scrambling operation is applied to the spreading signal .

Chips after
Data bit spreading

OVSF Scrambling
code code

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 Scrambling Code
 Scrambling code: Gold sequence.

 Scrambling code period: 10ms (38400 chips).

 The code used for scrambling of the uplink DPCCH/DPDCH may be of

either long or short type, There are 224 long and 224 short uplink
scrambling codes. Uplink scrambling codes are assigned by higher
layers.

 For downlink physical channels, a total of 218-1 = 262,143 scrambling

codes can be generated.

Only scrambling codes 0, 1, …, 8191 are being used.

Note: RNP engineer should plan the scrambling codes for each cell.

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 Scrambling Code (SC)
scrambling code 0

Set 0 scrambling code 1

Set 1 ……
Scrambling

……
Codes for
downlink scrambling code 15
…

scrambling code
Set 511 511×16
scrambling code
511×16
……

8192 Scrambling 512 sets scrambling code

Codes 511×16 ＋ 15

Each set includes a primary scrambling code and

15 secondary scrambling codes.

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 Primary Scrambling Code Group
PSC 0

Group 0 PSC 1

Primary
Group 1 ……
Scrambling
Codes for
downlink PSC 7

……
…

PSC 63*8
Group 63
PSC 63*8+1

……

PSC 63*8 ＋ 7

512 Primary Scramblin 64 Primary Scrambling Each group consists of 8

g Codes Code Groups Primary Scrambling Codes

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 Chapter 1 Physical Layer Overview

Chapter 2 Physical Channel

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 Chapter 2 Physical Channel

Section 1 Physical Channel Structure and Functions

Section 2 Channel Mapping

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 WCDMA radio interface has three kinds of channels

 In terms of protocol layer, the WCDMA radio interface has three

channels: Physical channel, transport channel and logical channel.
 Logical channel: Carrying user services directly. According to the types
of the carried services, it is divided into two types: Control channel and
service channel.
 Transport channel: It is the interface of radio interface layer 2 and
physical layer, and is the service provided for MAC layer by the
physical layer. According to whether the information transported is
dedicated information for a user or common information for all users, it
is divided into dedicated channel and common channel.
 Physical channel: It is the ultimate embodiment of all kinds of
information when they are transmitted on radio interfaces. Each kind of
channel which uses dedicated carrier frequency, code (spreading code
and scramble) and carrier phase (I or Q) can be regarded as a
dedicated channel.

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 Logical Channel

Dedicated traffic channel (DTCH)

Common traffic channel (CTCH) Traffic channel

Broadcast control channel (BCCH)

Paging control channel (PCCH)
Dedicate control channel (DCCH) Control channel

Common control channel (CCCH)

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 Transport Channel

Dedicated Channel (DCH) Dedicated transport

-DCH is an uplink or downlink channel channel

Broadcast channel (BCH)

Forward access channel (FACH)
Paging channel (PCH) Common transport
channel
Random access channel (RACH)
High-speed downlink shared channel
(HS-DSCH)

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 Physical Channel

 A physical channel is defined by a specific carrier frequency, code

(scrambling code, spreading code) and relative phase.
 In UMTS system, the different code (scrambling code or spreading
code) can distinguish the channels.
 Most channels consist of radio frames and time slots, and each radio
frame consists of 15 time slots.
 Two types of physical channel: UL and DL

Physical Channel

Frequency, Code, Phase

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 Downlink Physical Channel
 Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel

 (Downlink DPCH)

 Downlink Common Physical Channel

 Common Control Physical Channel
(CCPCH) Downlink
 Synchronization Channel Physical Channel
(SCH)
 Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)
 Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)
 Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
 High-Speed Packet Downlink Shared
Channel (HS-PDSCH)
 High-Speed Shared Control Channel
(HS-SCCH)

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 Uplink Physical Channel
 Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel
 Uplink Dedicated Physical Data
Channel (Uplink DPDCH)
 Uplink Dedicated Physical Control
Channel (Uplink DPCCH)
 High-Speed Dedicated Physical Channel
(HS-DPCCH) Uplink Physical
Channel

 Uplink Common Physical Channel

 Physical Random Access Channel

(PRACH)

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 Function of physical channel
Cell broadcast channels
P-CPICH-Primary
P-CPICH-Primary Common
Common Pilot
Pilot Channel
Channel
S-CPICH-Secondary Common Pilot Channel

P-CCPCH-Primary Common Control Physical Channel

SCH- Synchronisation Channel (Including P-SCH and S-SCH Channel)

Paging channels
S-CCPCH-Secondary
S-CCPCH-Secondary Common
Common Control
Control Physical
Physical Channel
Channel

PICH-Paging Indicator
Indicator Channel
Channel

Random access channels

PRACH-Physical Random Access Channel
Node B UE
AICH-Acquisition Indicator
Indicator Channel
Channel

Dedicated channels
DPDCH-Dedicated Physical Data
Data Channel
Channel

DPCCH-Dedicated Physical Control

Control Channel
Channel
High speed downlink share channels
HS-SCCH-High Speed Share Control Channel

HS-PDSCH-High Speed Physical Downlink Share Channel

HS-DPCCH-High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel

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 Primary Synchronization Channel (P-SCH)
 Used for cell search  SSC specifies the scrambling code
 Two sub channels: P-SCH and S-SCH. groups of the cell.
 SSC is chosen from a set of 16
 SCH is transmitted at the first 256 chips
of every time slot. different codes of length 256, there
are altogether 64 primary scrambling
 PSC is transmitted repeatedly in each code groups.
time slot.

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #14

Primary ac p ac p ac p
SCH

Secondary i,0 i,1 acs

i,14
SCH ac s ac s

256 chips
2560 chips
One 10 ms SCH radio frame

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 Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SC
H)
Scrambling slot number
Code Group #0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14
Group 0 1 1 2 8 9 10 15 8 10 16 2 7 15 7 16
Group 1 1 1 5 16 7 3 14 16 3 10 5 12 14 12 10
Group 2 1 2 1 15 5 5 12 16 6 11 2 16 11 15 12
Group 3 1 2 3 1 8 6 5 2 5 8 4 4 6 3 7
Group 4 1 2 16 6 6 11 15 5 12 1 15 12 16 11 2
…
Group 61 9 10 13 10 11 15 15 9 16 12 14 13 16 14 11
Group 62 9 11 12 15 12 9 13 13 11 14 10 16 15 14 16
Group 63 9 12 10 15 13 14 9 14 15 11 11 13 12 16 10

Slot # ? Slot #? Slot #?

P-SCH acp acp acp ……..

S-SCH 16 6 11 Group 2
256 chips
Slot 7, 8, 9
2560 chips

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 Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
 Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)

 Carries pre-defined sequence.

 Fixed rate 30Kbps ， SF=256

 Primary CPICH
 Uses the fixed channel code -- Cch, 256, 0
 Scrambled by the primary scrambling code
 Only one CPICH per cell
 Broadcast over the entire cell
 The P-CPICH is a phase reference for SCH, Primary CCPCH, AICH, PICH. B
y default, it is also a phase reference for downlink DPCH.
Pre-defined symbol sequence
Tslot = 2560 chips , 20 bits

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot # i Slot #14

1 radio frame: Tr = 10 ms

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Primary Common Control Physical Channel (PCCPCH)
 Fixed rate, fixed OVSF code （ 30kbps ， Cch,256,1 ）
 Carry BCH transport channel
 The PCCPCH is not transmitted during the first 256 chips of each time slot.
 Only data part
 STTD transmit diversity may be used

256 chips

PCCPCH Data
SCH
18 bits

T = 2560 chips,20 bits

slot

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14

1 radio frame: T = 10 ms
f

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 Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)
 PICH is a fixed-rate (SF=256) physical channel used to carry the Paging Indicators (PI).
 Frame structure of PICH: one frame of length 10ms consists of 300 bits of which 288 bits
are used to carry paging indicators and the remaining 12 bits are not defined.
 N paging indicators {PI0, …, PIN-1} in each PICH frame, N=18, 36, 72, or 144.
 If a paging indicator in a certain frame is set to 1, it indicates that UEs associated with
this paging indicator should read the corresponding frame of the associated S-CCPCH.

288 bits for paging 12 bits (undefined)

indication
b0 b1 b 287 b 288 b 299

One radio frame (10 ms)

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 Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (SCCPCH)
 Carry FACH and PCH.  SF =256 - 4.
 Two kinds of SCCPCH: with or without  FACH and PCH can be mapped to the
TFCI. UTRAN decides if a TFCI should same or separate SCCPCHs. If
be transmitted, UE must support TFCI. mapped to the same S-CCPCH, they
 Possible rates are the same as that of
can be mapped to the same fame.
downlink DPCH

TFCI Data Pilot

N TFCI bits N Data bits N Pilot bits

T slot = 2560 chips, 20*2 k bits (k=0..6)

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14

1 radio frame: T f = 10 ms

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 Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
 The random-access transmission data consists of two parts:
 One or several preambles ： each preamble is of length 4096chips and
consists of 256 repetitions of a signature whose length is 16 chips ， 16
available signatures totally
 10 or 20ms message part
 Which signature is available and the length of message part are determined by
higher layer

Preamble Preamble Message part

Preamble

4096 chips
10 ms (one radio frame)

Preamble Message part

Preamble Preamble

4096 chips 20 ms (two radio frames)

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 PRACH Message Structure

Data
Data N data bits

Pilot TFCI
Control
N Pilot bits N TFCI bits

T slot = 2560 chips, 10*2 k bits (k=0..3)

Slot # 0 Slot # 1 Slot # i Slot # 14

Message part radio frame TRACH = 10 ms

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 Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)
 Frame structure of AICH ： two frames, 20 ms ， consists of a repeated
sequence of 15 consecutive AS, each of length 20 symbols(5120 chips).
Each time slot consists of two parts ， an Acquisition-Indicator(AI) and a
part of duration 1024chips with no transmission.
 Acquisition-Indicator AI have 16 kinds of Signature.

 CPICH is the phase reference of AICH.

AI part Unused part

a 0 a 1 a2 a30 a31 a32 a33 a38 a39

AS #14 AS #0 AS #1 AS #i AS #14 AS #0

20 ms

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 Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPDCH&DPCCH)

 DPDCH and DPCCH are I/Q code multiplexed within each radio frame

 DPDCH carries data generated at Layer 2 and higher layer

 DPCCH carries control information generated at Layer 1

 Each frame is 10ms and consists of 15 time slots, each time slot
consists of 2560 chips
 The spreading factor of DPDCH is from 4 to 256

 The spreading factor of DPDCH and DPCCH can be different in the

same Layer 1 connection
 Each DPCCH time slot consists of Pilot, TFCI, FBI, TPC

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 Frame Structure of Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH

Data
DPDCH
N databits

Pilot TFCI FBI TPC

DPCCH
Npilot bits NTFCI bits NFBI bits NTPC bits

Tslot = 2560 chips, 10 k *2 bits (k=0..6)

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14

1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms

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 Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPDCH+DPCCH)

 DCH consists of dedicated data and control information.

 Control information includes ： Pilot 、 TPC 、 TFCI(optional).

 The spreading factor of DCH can be from 512 to 4,and can be

changed during connection
 DPDCH and DPCCH is time multiplexed.

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 Frame Structure of Downlink DPCH

DPDCH DPCCH DPDCH DPCCH

Data1 TPC TFCI Data2 Pilot
Ndata1 bits NTPC bits NTFCI bits Ndata2 bits Npilot bits

Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2 k bits (k=0..7)

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14

One radio frame, Tf = 10 ms

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 High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-
PDSCH)
 Bear service data and layer2 overhead bits mapped from the transport
channel
 SF=16, several channels can be configured to enhance data service

Data
N Data 1 bits
T slot = 2560 chips, M*10*2 k bits (k=4)

Slot #0 Slot#1 Slot #2

1 subframe: Tf = 2 ms

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High-Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)
 Carries physical layer signalling to a single UE ,such as modulation sch
eme (1 bit) ,channelization code set (7 bit), transport Block size (6bit),H
ARQ process number (3bit), redundancy version (3bit), new data indica
tor (1bit), Ue identity (16bit)
 HS-SCCH is a fixed rate (60 kbps, SF=128) downlink physical channel
used to carry downlink signalling related to HS-DSCH transmission

Data
N Data 1bits

T slot = 2560 chips, 40 bits

Slot #0 Slot#1 Slot #2

1 subframe: T f = 2 ms

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High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (HS-DPCCH )
 HS-DPCCH carries information to acknowledge downlink transport
blocks and feedback information to the system for scheduling and link
adaptation of transport block
 CQI and ACK/NACK
 Physical Channel, Uplink, SF=256, with power control

T slot = 2560 chips 2 Tslot = 5120 chips

HARQ-ACK CQI

One HS-DPCCH subframe (2 ms)

Subframe #0 Subframe #i Subframe #4

One radio frame Tf = 10 ms

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 Chapter 2 Physical Channel

Section 1 Physical Channel Structure and Functions

Section 2 Channel Mapping

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 Mapping Between Channels

Logical channels Transport channels Physical channels

BCCH BCH P-CCPCH

FACH S-CCPCH

PCCH PCH S-CCPCH

CCCH RACH PRACH

FACH S-CCPCH

CTCH FACH S-CCPCH

DCCH, DTCH DCH DPDCH

HS-DSCH HS-PDSCH

RACH, FACH PRACH, S-CCPCH

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Channel Mapping (Internal UE)
Cell Signalling
Signalling
System Cell and
Paging System Signalling Broadcast and
Higher Layer Paging Info Signalling Broadcast User data
Info Service User data
data Service

Logical DCCH
Channels Dedicated
PCCH BCCH CCCH CTCH
(Data Logical
Dependent) Channel
DTCH
DTCH
Cipher On DTCH
Common
{XOR}
Paging Ctrl Broadcast Common
Ctrl Ctrl

Low Speed

Transport Chann High Speed

els
(L1 Characteristics D PCH BCH FACH RACH DCH
ependent)

Physical P-CCPCH
S-CCPCH PRACH DPDCH
Channels

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Thank You
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