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7.3 Three Phase Short Circuit

1. The document discusses calculating sub-transient fault current for a three-phase short circuit in a power system. It makes simplifying assumptions about system components like transformers, transmission lines, and synchronous machines. 2. It provides an example system diagram of a synchronous generator feeding a synchronous motor through transformers and a transmission line, where a three-phase short circuit occurs. 3. Using the technique of superposition, it shows how to calculate the sub-transient fault current from the generator and motor by modeling them as constant-voltage sources behind sub-transient reactances and representing the fault as opposing voltage sources.

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206 views12 pages

7.3 Three Phase Short Circuit

1. The document discusses calculating sub-transient fault current for a three-phase short circuit in a power system. It makes simplifying assumptions about system components like transformers, transmission lines, and synchronous machines. 2. It provides an example system diagram of a synchronous generator feeding a synchronous motor through transformers and a transmission line, where a three-phase short circuit occurs. 3. Using the technique of superposition, it shows how to calculate the sub-transient fault current from the generator and motor by modeling them as constant-voltage sources behind sub-transient reactances and representing the fault as opposing voltage sources.

Uploaded by

basit ubasit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 7

Symmetrical Faults

Page 379
In order to calculate the sub-transient fault current for a three-
phase short circuit in a power system, we make the following
assumptions:
1. Transformers are represented by their leakage reactances.
Winding resistances, shunt admittances, and -Y phase shifts are
neglected.
2. Transmission lines are represented by their equivalent series
reactances. Series resistances and shunt admittances are
neglected.
3. Synchronous machines are represented by constant-voltage
sources behind sub-transient reactances. Armature resistance,
saliency, and saturation are neglected.
4. All non-rotating impedance loads are neglected.
5. Induction motors are either neglected (especially for small
motors rated less than 50 hp) or represented in the same manner
as synchronous machines.
FIGURE 7.3 Single-line diagram of a synchronous generator
feeding a synchronous motor

Figure 7.3 shows a single-line diagram consisting of a synchronous


generator feeding a synchronous motor through two transformers and a
transmission line. We shall consider a three-phase short circuit at bus 1.
• The positive-sequence equivalent circuit is shown in Figure 7.4(a), where
the voltages Eg// and Em// are the prefault internal voltages behind the
subtransient reactance of the machines, and the closing of switch SW
represents the fault.

• For purposes of calculating the subtransient fault current, Eg// and Em// are
assumed to be constant-voltage sources.
Eg// and Em// are the prefault internal voltages behind the sub-transient
reactances of the machines, the fault is represented by two opposing
voltage sources with equal phasor values VF.
Using superposition, the fault current can then be calculated from
the two circuits shown in Figure 7.4(c). However, if VF equals the
prefault voltage at the fault, then the second circuit in Figure 7.4(c)
represents the system before the fault occurs.
As such, I//F2 = 0 and VF ,which has no effect, can be removed from the second
circuit, as shown in Figure(d) The sub-transient fault current is then determined
from the first circuit in Figure(d), I//F = I//F1. The contribution to the fault from the
generator is, Ig//=Ig1//+Ig2//=Ig1//+IL , where IL is the prefault generator current.
Similarly, Im//=Im1//-IL

(d) VF set equal to pre-fault voltage at fault


FIGURE 7.4 Application of superposition to a power system three-phase short circuit
EXAMPLE 7.3 Three-phase short-circuit currents, power system The
synchronous generator in Figure is operating at rated MVA, 0.95 p.f. lagging
and at 5% above rated voltage when a bolted three-phase short circuit occurs
at bus 1. Calculate the per-unit values of (a) sub-transient fault current; (b)
sub-transient generator and motor currents, neglecting pre-fault current;
and (c) sub-transient generator and motor currents including pre-fault
current.

SOLUTION
a. Using a 100-MVA base, impedance in the zone of the transmission line is
From the circuit, the The´venin impedance as viewed from the fault is

5% above rated voltage

and the pre-fault voltage at the generator terminals:

subtransient fault current

(b) sub-transient generator and motor currents, neglecting pre-


fault current;
C. sub-transient generator and motor currents including pre-fault
current.

The generator base current is

and the prefault generator current is


The subtransient generator and motor currents, including prefault
current, are then

when calculating the contributions to fault current from each


branch, prefault currents are usually small, and hence can be
neglected. Otherwise, prefault load currents could be obtained
from a power-flow program.

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