Moderate climate

PRESENTED TO- AR. RAMANJOT

PRESENTED BY- ESHA BAHUGUNA, RAHUL GUPTA

VINAY RANA, MANMOHAN SINGH
THE TEMPERATE CLIMATE HAS MILD TO WARM SUMMERS AND COLD
WINTERS.
SOLAR RADIATION IN THIS REGION : MORE OR LESS THROUGHOUT THE YEAR.
TEMPERATURE IS NEITHER TOO HOT NOR TO COLD.
THENEED FOR WINTER HOME HEATING IS GREATER THAN THE NEED FOR
SUMMER COOLING.
IT IS
RELATIVELY COMFORTABLE CLIMATE , ESPECIALLY NEAR THE COST
,WHERE SUMMERS ARE COOLER AND WINTERS WARMER THAN FURTHER
INLANDS.
 MEAN MONTHLY TEMP: 25-30 (DEGREE C)
SUMMER WINTER
30-34 17-24
27-33 16-18
 MEAN MONTHLY RELATIVE HUMIDITY: <75%
 MEAN MONTHLY PRECIPITATION: <5%
 NO. OF CLEAR DAYS IN A MONTHS <20
 TOTAL RAINFALL USUALLY EXCEED 1000 PER YEAR.
 WINTERS ARE DRY IN THIS ZONE
 WINDS ARE GENERALLY HIGH DURING SUMMER
 SKY ARE MOSTLY CLEAR.
 PLACES : BANGALORE ,DECCAN
Building material used:

 Floor: Lime concrete

 Walls: Stone masonry with lime mortar
 Roof: Stone slabs with lime concrete screed cover for flat roof,
Mangalore tiles for sloping roofs.
Design criteria

 Reduction of solar heat gain:

-by orientation of the bedroom towards north.
-by shading of east and west walls by neighboring building.
-by shading the window and walls by neighboring buildings.
-by shading the window wall with projecting stone slabs.
 Reduction of the internal heat gain:
-by placing the kitchen outdoors in summer (and indoor in winter).

 Reduction of heat transfer to interior

-by insulating roof.

 Increase of heat loss

-by ventilation and smoke outlet through chimney.
Moderate zone ‘BANGALORE’

Latitude: 12˚58’N
Longitude: 77˚35’E
Altitude: 921m above mean

sea level.
IN BANGALORE , THE IDEAL COMFORTABLE HOUSE IS BUILT HEAVY WALLS WITH HIGH
CEILING ROOMS, WITH WINDOW THAT YOU CAN SHUT AND OPEN, SURROUNDED BY SHADE
GIVING VERANDAH.

HIGH CEILINGS REDUCE THE EFFECT OF HEAT THAT WOULD RADIATE DOWN FROM THE
ROOF WHICH WOULD GET HOT UNDER THE SUN. THIS WILL ALSO ALLOW THE WARM AIR TO
RISE AND ESCAPE TROUGH VENTILATORS, HIGH UP THE WALLS.
 TERI, Bangalore

P R O J E C T D E TA I LS
 NAME OF PROJECT - THE ENERGY AND RESOURCES INSTITUTE(TERI)
 ARCHITECT- Ar. Sanjay Mohe.
 CLIMATE – Moderate.
 COMPLETION YEAR -1990
 TYPE OF BUILDING- Institutional .
 TOTAL NO. OF FLOORS- G+2.
 BUILT-UP-AREA 26,663 Sq.Ft.
 THE DESIGN DISPLAYS A INTERPLAY OF FIVE BASIC NATURAL ELEMENTS – SUN, AIR,
EARTH, WATER AND SKY – WITH THE BUILTFORM, TO MEET THE REQUIREMENT OF
THERMAL, VISUAL AND AURALCOMFORT.
 LOCATION

 The site is located at Domlur, about 3 km from the

Bangalore airport.
 It is a long and narrow site with roads on the eastern
and northern sides, the former being the major road.
 The western side has an open ground and on the southern side is an open drain about 9 m
wide.
 The buildings are aligned along the east-west axis and entry into the site is from the road on
the northern side which is relatively less busier
DESIGN CRITERIA

 This energy - efficient complex is designed to provide all round comfort for the users.
 The building opens to the north to take maximum advantage of glare-free light.
 Continuations of skylight spaces carry natural light into the building. Abundant natural
light is available in the work spaces.
 Adequate natural lighting and ventilation is provided through an optimized combination
of solar passive design, energy-efficient equipment, renewable sources of energy and
materials with low embodied energy.
 The condition of the drain is proposed to be improved into a pleasant landscaped element by using plants that absorb
impurities as well as with the help of basic filtration and aeration.
 This being an ideal long-term solution would be a major civic project.
 The architecture responds to the present site conditions but the building can eventually open up towards the drain when
it turns clean.
 A fresh environment is maintained inside the building
 A cavity wall on the southern side insulates the building from solar heat gain.
 The ground disturbed due to the building is replaced on the rooftop to form terrace gardens at various levels. These
gardens along with earth berms provides good heat insulation and moderates fluctuations in temperature.
 Locally available ‘kadappa’ Stone walls help in insulating.
SECTION OF BUILDING
 TERRACE GARDEN SECTION

• Rooftop gardens are also beneficial in reducing rain run off.

• A roof garden can delay run off; reduce the rate and volume
of run off.
• Plants have the ability to reduce the overall heat absorption
of the building which then reduces energy consumption
DAYLIGHTING

 Openings have been designed such that requirement of artificial lighting is minimal
throughout the day when the building is under maximum usage.
 Abundant natural light inside due to intelligently designed fenestrations.
 By creating atrium spaces with skylights, the section of the building is such that natural
light enters into the interiors of the building, considerably reducing the dependence on
artificial lighting
Section showing natural light penetrating deep into the building through skylights and fenestrations.
VENTILLATION

 A blank wall towards the south (facing the drain) allows the breeze to flow over the
building.
 This creates a negative pressure which pulls fresh air from the north into the building.
 The sections are designed such that hot air rises to the top and make the building breathe.
 Air in the cavity in the south wall on the south creates negative pressure, thereby
enhancing the convection currents in the building
SECTION SHOWING AIR MOVEMENT
TERI HAS PASSIVE DESIGN

 WHAT IS A PASSSIVE DESIGN?

 Passive design refers to a design approach that uses natural elements often sunlight to
heat, cool or light a building.
 Passive solar or passive cooling designs take advantage of the sun’s energy to maximize
heating or cooling based on a building’s sun exposure.
 Systems that employ passive design require very little maintenance and reduce a
building energy construction by minimizing or eliminating mechanical systems used to
regulate indoor temperature.
PASSIVE COOLING IN TERI

 WHAT IS PASSIVE COOLING?

 Passive cooling systems are least expensive means of cooling a home which maximizes
the efficiency of the building envelope without any use of mechanical devices.
 It rely on natural heat-sinks to remove heat from the building. They derive cooling
directly from evaporation, convection, and radiation without using any intermediate
electrical devices.
 All passive cooling strategies rely on daily changes in temperature and relative humidity.
The applicability of each system depends on the climatic conditions. These design
strategies reduce heat gains to internal spaces.
 PASSIVE DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
‘TERI’
ELEMENTS OF PASSIVE COOLING
 COURTYARD

 Due to incident solar radiation in a courtyard, the air gets warmer and rises. Cool air
from the ground level flows through the louvered openings of rooms surrounding a
courtyard, thus producing air flow.
 At night, the warm roof surfaces get cooled by convection and radiation.
 If this heat exchange reduces temprature, condensation of atmospheric moisture occurs
on the roof and the gain due to condensation limits further cooling.
SHADING

 Solar control is a critical requirement for both cooling-load dominated and passively
solar-heated buildings.
 The most effective method of cooling a building is to shade windows, walls and roof of
building from direct solar radiation.
 Heavily insulated walls and roofs need less shading.
 Can use overhangs on outside facade of the building.
 EARTH AIR TUNNELS

 Daily and annual temperature fluctuations decrease with the increase in depth below the ground surface.
 At a depth of about 4 m below ground, the temperature inside the earth remains nearly constant round the year and is nearly equal to the
annual average temperature of the place.
 A tunnel in the form of a pipe or otherwise embedded at a depth of about 4 m below the ground will acquire the same temperature as the
surrounding earth at its surface.
 Therefore, the ambient air ventilated through this tunnel will get cooled in summer and warmed in winter and this air can be used for
cooling in summer and heating in winter.
 The living quarters (the south block of RETREAT) are maintained at comfortable temperatures (approx. 20-30 degree Celsius) round the
year by the earth air tunnel system, supplemented, when-ever required, with a system of absorption chillers powered by liquefied natural
gas during monsoons and with an air washer during dry summer.
 However, the cooler air underground needs to be circulated in the living space. Each room in the south block has a solar chimney; warm air
rises and escapes through the chimney, which creates an air current for the cooler air from the underground tunnels to replace the warm air.
 The same mechanism supplies warm air from the tunnel during winter
THERMAL CHIMNEY

 The thermal chimney is used to create updrafts and remove heated air.
 It is built on the sunny side of the building.
 A black metal heat absorbing panel is used to create even more heated air that will naturally
rise. This pulls the air up and out.
CONCLUSION

 At last we came to know the design criteria for constructing a building in moderate
climate.
 We also came to know about various methods by which internal tempretaure of structure
can be in comfort zone without use of artificial ways.
 As we are moving towards green building ‘TERI’ is one of the best green building in
india hence case study on it has made us learn about Green Buildings also.
THANK YOU!!