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Immunology Summary

The document summarizes key aspects of the innate and adaptive immune systems. It discusses how the innate immune system provides early defense against pathogens through pattern recognition receptors and cytokines. It also describes how the adaptive immune system mounts pathogen-specific immune responses mediated by T and B cells, antibodies, and cytokines. The properties of adaptive immunity include specificity, diversity, memory, clonal expansion, and specialization. The document also briefly mentions hypersensitivity reactions, transplantation rejection, tumor antigens, and immunology tests.

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145 views39 pages

Immunology Summary

The document summarizes key aspects of the innate and adaptive immune systems. It discusses how the innate immune system provides early defense against pathogens through pattern recognition receptors and cytokines. It also describes how the adaptive immune system mounts pathogen-specific immune responses mediated by T and B cells, antibodies, and cytokines. The properties of adaptive immunity include specificity, diversity, memory, clonal expansion, and specialization. The document also briefly mentions hypersensitivity reactions, transplantation rejection, tumor antigens, and immunology tests.

Uploaded by

gio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IMMUNOLOGY REVIEW

D R . R AT N A , M . B I O M E D
INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM

• The early line (initial) of immune defense against pathogen

• Same way to repeated infection

• These immune system react only to pathogen and are specific


for structures that are common to groups of related microbes
(Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern/PAMP)
• Gram (+) bacteria: techoic acid
• Gram (-) bacteria : LPS
INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM

• Recognize structures that are characteristic of pathogens and


are not present on mammalian cells  self and nonself

• The receptor of innate immune system


• cell-associated pattern recognition receptorTLR (Toll Like
Receptor)
• soluble proteins in the blood and extracellular fluids
INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM -CYTOKINE
INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM -CYTOKINE
INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM -CYTOKINE
NK CELLS
INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE
ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM
ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM
MHC Inucleated cells MHC II DC, macrophage, B
lymphocyte
ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM
ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM-CYTOKINE
ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM
ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM-CYTOKINE
ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF
ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE

• Specificity
• Diversity
• Memory
• Clonal expansion
• Specialization
• Contraction and
homeostasis
• Nonreactivity to self
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF ADAPTIVE
IMMUNE RESPONSE
DISEASES
IN IMMUNOLOGY
• Autoimmune disease
• Loss of self tolerance
MOLECULAR MIMICRY-AUTOIMMUNE
DISEASES IN IMMUNOLOGY
IMMUNE RESPONSE HYPERSENSITIVITY
TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNE
RESPONSE GENE
TRANSPLANTATION = REJECTION

THE LAW
HYPERACUTE : MINUTE-HOUR
ACUTE : 1-4 WEEKS
CHRONIC : MONTHS, YEARS
ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY

• IMMUNOGEN
• Recognize (+), induce immune response (+)

• HAPTEN
• Recognize (+), induce immune response (-)

• Tolerogen
• Recognize (+), induce unresponsiveness
ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY

• Immunogenicity
• Foreignness
• Size
• Complexity
• Particulate/soluble
ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY

• Antibody structure
ANTIBODY RESPONSE-VACCINATION
FUNCTION OF ANTIBODY
ANTIBODY CLASSES AND FUNCTION
TUMOR ANTIGEN

• The modern classification of tumor antigens relies on the


molecular structure and source of the antigen
• Products of mutated genes
• Abnormally expressed cellular proteins
• Antigens of oncogenic viruses
• Oncofetal antigens
Example: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and α-fetoprotein (AFP
TUMOR ANTIGEN
IMMUNOLOGY TEST

• Agglutination reaction
• Antibody with particulate antigen

• Hemagglutination reaction
• Antibody with particulate antigen in red blood cells
AGGLUTINATION REACTION
AGGLUTINATION
• Agglutination inhibition
• Absence of agglutination is
diagnostic of antigen
• For hCG test or drug abuse test
• Two step
• Urine or blood sample
incubated with antibody
specific
• Add red blood cell or particle
• See agglutination or no
COMPLEMENT FIXATION TEST
(CFT)
COMPLEMENT FIXATION TEST
(CFT)
HA/HI
HA/HI

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