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Patterns and Sequences

The document defines sequences and patterns, including arithmetic sequences. It provides examples of finding terms of sequences given their patterns. It explains that an arithmetic sequence has terms in the form a1 + (n-1)d, where a1 is the first term and d is the common difference. The sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic sequence is given by Sn = n/2 * (2a1 + (n-1)d).

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Lea Grace Guleng
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650 views

Patterns and Sequences

The document defines sequences and patterns, including arithmetic sequences. It provides examples of finding terms of sequences given their patterns. It explains that an arithmetic sequence has terms in the form a1 + (n-1)d, where a1 is the first term and d is the common difference. The sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic sequence is given by Sn = n/2 * (2a1 + (n-1)d).

Uploaded by

Lea Grace Guleng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PATTERNS AND SEQUENCES

A sequence is a list of numbers. The


numbers in a sequence are called
terms and written as a1, a2, a3, . . .an,. . .
where the group of three dots is called
ellipsis, where a1 is the first term, a2 is
the second term, a3 is the third term
and so forth.
If a sequence does not have a last term,
it is called infinite. The sequence 2, 4, 6,
8, 10, . . .2n . . . is an example of infinite,
which may be represented by {a3}= {2n}
or simply
an= 2n. If the sequence an as the last term
for some positive integer n¸then the
sequence is called finite. An infinite term
has an ellipsis, while the finite has none.
Example 1:
Find a possible formula for the nth term of a
sequence whose first four terms are
5, 9, 13, 17, . . .
Solution:
The pattern of the sequence, two consecutive
terms differ by 4. Also, we observe that a1 =
4(1)+1, a2 = 4(2)+1,
a3 = 4(3)+1, and a4 = 4(4)+1.
Notice that ai , where i= 1,2,3,4. Thus, one
possible formula is an = 4n+1.
Example 2:
Find the first three terms and the 11th term
of the sequence defined by each formula.
1) an = 3n²+1
a1 = 3(1²)+1 = 4
a2 = 3(2²)+1 = 13
a3 = 3(3²)+1 = 28
Thus, the first three terms are 4, 13 and 28.
The 11th term is a11 = 3(11²)+1 = 364.
  
Find the first three terms and the 11th term of the
sequence defined by each formula.
2) cn =

c1 = =

c2 = =

c3 = =
Thus, the first three terms are 1, and . The 11th term
is c11 = =
Example 3:
Find the first four terms and the 2020th term of
the sequence defined by:
an = 3n-1
a1 = 3(1)-1 = 2
a2 = 3(2)-1 = 5
a3 = 3(3)-1 = 8
a4 = 3(4)-1 = 11
Thus, the first four terms are 2, 5, 8 and
11.The 2020th term is
a2020 = 3(2020)-1= 6059.
ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE AND
SERIES
An arithmetic sequence is a
sequence of the form a1, a1+d, a1+2d,
a1+3d, . . . . . a1+(n-1) d, where a1 is
the first term, d is the common
difference, and the nth term of the
sequence is given by a1+(n-1) d.
Example:
a. Determine whether the given numbers
can be the first five terms of an arithmetic
sequence or not.
15, 27, 39, 51, 63  the common difference
is 12, 27-15=39-27=51-39=63-51=12
a1 = 15
a1 + d = 15 + 12 = 27
a1 + 2d = 15 + 2(12) = 39
a1 + 3d = 15 + 3(12) = 63
b. Find the 17th term of the arithmetic
sequence 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, . . .
Our first term is 4, and the common
difference is
d= 7-4 = 3. Thus, the nth of the
sequence is,
an = 4 + (n-1)(3)= 3n + 1
Therefore, the 17th term is
a17 = 3(17) + 1 = 52.
ARITHMETIC MEANS
The terms between any two given non-consecutive
terms of an arithmetic sequence are called arithmetic
means between given terms.
Example:
Insert four arithmetic means between 7 and 37.
a1 = 7 and a6 = 37
37 = 7 + (6-1)d
37 = 7 + 5d
37-7 = 5d
30 = 5d  Divide both sides by 5.
d=6
7, 13, 19, 25, 31, 37
ARITHMETIC SERIES
Consider 1+ 5 + 9 + 13 + 17 = 45.
The expression on the left is called
arithmetic series and 45 is its sum.
THE
   SUM OF THE FIRST n TERMS OF AN ARITHMETIC
SEQUENCE

Sn =
Example:
Find the sum of the first 34 terms of the arithmetic sequence 1,
5, 9, 13, 17, . . .
Where, a1 = 1, d = 4, n = 34, an = (n-1)d

S34 =
= 17[2 + 4(33)]
= 17(134)
= 2278

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