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Number System111

1) Number systems define sets of values to represent quantities and were formed to make calculations simple, accurate, and fast. 2) There are two main types of number systems: non-positional which have limited symbols and are clumsy for large calculations, and positional which use the position of symbols to represent values. 3) Common number systems include the decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems which have bases of 10, 2, 8, and 16 respectively. 4) Converting between number systems involves grouping symbols into the appropriate base and then translating the groups to the target base.

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Jai Mishra
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512 views

Number System111

1) Number systems define sets of values to represent quantities and were formed to make calculations simple, accurate, and fast. 2) There are two main types of number systems: non-positional which have limited symbols and are clumsy for large calculations, and positional which use the position of symbols to represent values. 3) Common number systems include the decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems which have bases of 10, 2, 8, and 16 respectively. 4) Converting between number systems involves grouping symbols into the appropriate base and then translating the groups to the target base.

Uploaded by

Jai Mishra
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Number System

A number system defines a set of values used to


define “quantity” .with the advancement of
machines different number systems were formed
to make the task simple, accurate & fast. These
number systems worked on the principle of
DLDP(digital logic design presentation).
Number System(contd…)
Number are of two types:-
1)Non-positional : Had no symbol for zero, clumsy &
difficult to do large calculation because of limited
Symbols. e.g. Roman Number System
2)Positional : They have a finite numbers of
symbols/digits to represent large numbers. the value
of each digit in a number is defined not only by a
symbol but also by the symbol’s position. e.g.
Decimal Number System.
Base or Radix of No. system
The word “Base” or “Radix” means the quantity
of admissible marks used in a given number
system. these admissible marks are the
characters such as Arabic numerals, Latin
letters or other recognizable marks, which are
used to present the numerical magnitude of a
“quantity”.
e.g. (2239)10, (10101)2 etc.
Types of Number system
1. Decimal number system. (base=10 )
(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
2. Binary number system. (base=2)
(0,1)
3. Octal number system. (base=8 )
(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7)
4. Hexadecimal number system. (base=16)
(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F)
Decimal number system : has a base value 10 and having
10 admissible marks.It is a positional number system.
they uses powers of 10 determine their number
position.

Position fifth fourth third second first


weight 104 103 102 101 100

(10,000) (1000) (100) (10) (1)


Binary number system :this number system provides
basis for all computer operations. They has a base
value 2 and having 2 admissible marks(1,0).It is a
positional number system. they uses powers of 2
determine their number position.

Position fifth fourth third second first


weight 24 23 22 21 20

(16) (8) (4) (2) (1)


Octal number system : The octal number system is a base
8 system, having 8 admissible marks(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7). It
is a positional number system. they uses powers of 8
determine their number position.

Position fifth fourth third second first


weight 84 83 82 81 80

(4096) (512) (64) (8) (1)


Hexadecimal number system :The hexadecimal number
system is a base 16 system,having 16 admissible
marks(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F). It is a positional
number system. they uses powers of 16 determine their
number position. This number system uses 0 to 9
numbers and A to F characters to represent 10 to 15
respectively

Position fifth fourth third second first


weight 164 163 162 161 160

(65,536) (4096) (256) (16) (1)


Comparing Decimal, Binary, Octal & Hexadecimal
Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal
0 0000 000 0
1 0001 001 1
2 0010 002 2
3 0011 003 3
4 0100 004 4
5 0101 005 5
6 0110 006 6
7 0111 007 7
8 1000 010 8
9 1001 011 9
10 1010 012 A
11 1011 013 B
12 1100 014 C
13 1101 015 D
14 1110 016 E
15 1111 017 F
Converting Binary to Decimal

What is the decimal equivalent of the


binary number 1101110?
1 x 26 = 1 x 64 = 64
+ 1 x 25 = 1 x 32 = 32
+ 0 x 24 = 0 x 16 =0
+ 1 x 23 = 1x8 =8
+ 1 x 22 = 1x4 =4
+ 1 x 21 = 1x2 =2
+ 0 x 2º = 0x1 =0
= 110 in base 10

13
Converting Octal to Decimal

What is the decimal equivalent of the octal


number 642?

6 x 82 = 6 x 64 = 384
+ 4 x 81 = 4 x 8 = 32
+ 2 x 8º = 2 x 1 = 2
= 418 in base 10

11
Converting Hexadecimal to Decimal

What is the decimal equivalent of the


hexadecimal number DEF?

D x 162 = 13 x 256 = 3328


+ E x 161 = 14 x 16 = 224
+ F x 16º = 15 x 1 = 15
= 3567 in base 10

Remember, the digits in base 16 are


0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F
Converting Decimal to Binary
2 3567 Remainder
2 1783 1
2 891 1
2 445 1
2 222 1
2 111 0
2 55 1
2 27 1
2 13 1
2 6 1
2 3 0
2 1 1

0 1

(3567)10 = (110111101111) 2
Converting Decimal to Octal
8 1988 Remainder

8 248 4

8 31 0

8 3 7

(1988)10 = (3704)8
Converting Decimal to Hexadecimal

16 3567 Remainder

16 222 15 = F

16 13 14 = E

13 =D

(3567)10 = (DEF)16
Converting Binary to Octal
• Mark groups of three (from right)
• Convert each group

10101011 10 101 011


2 5 3

10101011 is 253 in base 8

17
Converting Binary to Hexadecimal

• Mark groups of four (from right)


• Convert each group

10101011 1010 1011


A B

10101011 is AB in base 16

18
Converting Octal to Hexadecimal
Determine the hexadecimal equivalent of (2327)8

Octal Number 2 3 2 7
Binary value 010 011 010 111

• Combine the 3-bit binary blocks, we have


010011010111.
• Separate the group of binary numbers from left
side into the 4-bit binary number & convert
these blocks into their respective hexadecimal
symbols.
0100 1101 0111
4 D 7
So
(2327)8 = (4D7)16
Converting Hexadecimal to Octal
Determine the Octal equivalent of (2B6)16

Hexadecimal no. 2 B 6
Binary value 0010 1011 0110

• Combine all the 4-bit binary blocks, we have


001010110110
• Separate the group of binary numbers into 3-bit
binary blocks and convert these blocks into their
corresponding octal symbols

001 010 110 110


1 2 6 6
So
(2B6)16 = (1266)8

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