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35 views

By John Zavalney: Quicktime™ and A Decompressor Are Needed To See This Picture

Uploaded by

sonuisashish
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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QuickTime™ and a

decompressor
are needed to see this picture.

by
John Zavalney
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.

Elaborate
How can wind be used more efficiently?

QUICK WRITE PROMPT

In your notebook list as many


factors that you can think of that would
have an effect on the efficiency of wind
turbines.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.

Elaborate
How can wind be used more efficiently?
1. Wind Turbine Blade Design
• Use your kit to experiment on blade design
or
• Watch wind turbine blade design PowerPoint

KidWind turbine blade design PDF

LESSON_bladedesign.pdf
Wind Turbine
Blade Design
PowerPoint adopted from
The Kidwind Project
Number of Blades – One
• Rotor must move more
rapidly to capture same
amount of wind
– Gearbox ratio reduced
– Added weight of
counterbalance negates some
benefits of lighter design
– Higher speed means more
noise, visual, and wildlife
impacts
• Blades easier to install
because entire rotor can be
assembled on ground
• Captures 10% less energy
than two blade design
• Ultimately provide no cost
savings
Number of Blades - Two
• Advantages &
disadvantages similar to
one blade
• Need teetering hub and
or shock absorbers
because of gyroscopic
imbalances
• Capture 5% less energy
than three blade designs
Number of Blades - Three
• Balance of
gyroscopic forces
• Slower rotation
– increases gearbox &
transmission costs
– More aesthetic, less
noise, fewer bird
strikes
Blade Composition
Wood
Wood
– Strong, light weight,
cheap, abundant,
flexible
– Popular on do-it
yourself turbines
• Solid plank
• Laminates
• Veneers
• Composites
Blade Composition
Metal
• Steel
– Heavy & expensive
• Aluminum
– Lighter-weight and easy
to work with
– Expensive
– Subject to metal fatigue
Blade Construction
Fiberglass
• Lightweight, strong,
inexpensive, good fatigue
characteristics
• Variety of manufacturing
processes
– Cloth over frame
– Pultrusion
– Filament winding to produce
spars
• Most modern large turbines
use fiberglass
Large Wind Turbines
• 450’ base to blade
• Each blade 112’
• Span greater than 747
• 163+ tons total
• Foundation 20+ feet deep
• Rated at 1.5 – 5 megawatt
• Supply at least 350 homes
Lift & Drag Forces
• The Lift Force is
perpendicular to the α = low
direction of motion. We
want to make this force
BIG. α = medium
<10 degrees

• The Drag Force is parallel α = High


to the direction of motion. Stall!!
We want to make this
force small.
Airfoil Shape
Just like the wings of an airplane,
wind turbine blades use the airfoil
shape to create lift and maximize
efficiency.
Twist & Taper
• Speed through the air of a
point on the blade
changes with distance
from hub
• Therefore, tip speed ratio
varies as well
• To optimize angle of
attack all along blade, it Fastest

must twist from root to tip Faster

Fast
Tip-Speed Ratio
Tip-speed ratio is the ratio of the ΩR
speed of the rotating blade tip to
the speed of the free stream
wind. R
There is an optimum angle of attack
which creates the highest lift to
drag ratio.
Because angle of attack is dependant
on wind speed, there is an
optimum tip-speed ratio

ΩR
TSR =
Where,
V
Ω = rotational speed in radians /sec
R = Rotor Radius
V = Wind “Free Stream” Velocity
Betz Limit All wind power cannot
be captured by rotor
or air would be
completely still behind
rotor and not allow
more wind to pass
through.
Theoretical limit of rotor
efficiency is 59%
Most modern wind
turbines are in the 35
– 45% range
According to The Department of Energy the United States
could get 20% of all it energy from wind power

the movie “FUEL”


If the United States could get 20% of all it energy from wind power
it could create over 50,000 high paying jobs.
James Walker President AWAEA
the movie “FUEL”
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.

Assessment
The GOOD the BAD and the FUTURE
Of wind generated energy
Wind Farm location web Quest
use the link below to navigate to several web sites
that provide information about wind farms including
• Back ground
•Government & Global Policy
•Environmental
•Wind industry
•Economic Consumer and Citizen reports

Web-and-flow.com
Offshore Windfarms in the http://www.web-and flow.com/members/polson/webque
United States? st/webquest.htm#bg
by Pamela Olson
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.

Assessment
Work on FINAL PROJECT
PowerPoint Presentation

The GOOD the BAD and the FUTURE


Of wind generated energy

• Gather research and resources


• Putting your PowerPoint together

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