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Number Systems & Numbers Representation

1) Different number systems use different bases - decimal uses base 10, binary uses base 2, octal uses base 8, and hexadecimal uses base 16. 2) To convert between number systems, you repeatedly divide the number by the new base and write down the remainders in reverse order. 3) Octal and hexadecimal are useful in computing because they allow binary numbers to be represented with fewer digits compared to the binary system, making them more compact shorthand notations for binary.

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63 views

Number Systems & Numbers Representation

1) Different number systems use different bases - decimal uses base 10, binary uses base 2, octal uses base 8, and hexadecimal uses base 16. 2) To convert between number systems, you repeatedly divide the number by the new base and write down the remainders in reverse order. 3) Octal and hexadecimal are useful in computing because they allow binary numbers to be represented with fewer digits compared to the binary system, making them more compact shorthand notations for binary.

Uploaded by

Abdul salam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Number Systems

&
Numbers Representation

1
Place Value and Base
• A number such as 6245 is in decimal
form, with each digit having a place value
Example : The place value of the digit 6 in
6245 is 1000 = 103
• Expanded form : 6245=6×103+2× 102 +4× 10
+5×100
• In decimal form, place values are powers of 10 so
the decimal system is said to have a base of 10
Note : base 10 requires ten digits (i.e. 0–9) 2
The Binary Number System
• Simplest number system is base 2, or binary
uses the 2 digits (“bits”) 0 and 1
• Used exclusively in computers (ON/OFF
switches, magnetised/unmagnetised memory
elements)
• A typical binary number is 10112
• The subscript 2 denotes the base – the base
should be included if it is not 10
3
Converting Binary to Decimal
• Example: Convert 10112 to decimal
• Solution: 11
= (1×23) + (0×22) + (1×21) + (1×20)
=8+2+1
= (11)10
11011 = 27
• Exercise: Convert 110001 to decimal
1 1 0 0 0 1 actual digits
32 16 8 4 2 1 place values
4
Decimal to Binary
• Repeatedly divide by 2,
writing down the quotient and remainder at
each step, until the quotient is zero
• Now write down the remainders in reverse
order – this is the binary form of the integer
• Example : Convert 212 to binary
Answer: 212 = 110101002
• Exercise : Convert 183 to binary
– 10110111
5
Example
2 212
106 0
53 0
26 1
13 0
6 1
3 0
1 1
0 1
Thus 212 = 110101002
6
The Octal and Hexadecimal
Systems
• The methods for converting from binary
(base 2) to decimal, and vice-versa, extend to
bases other than 2
(11012)2 invalid
• The base 8 number system is known as octal
we’ll look at number conversions, then at why
octal is useful in computing
(847)8 invalid
• Octal is based on the digits 0–7; the place
values are powers of 8
7
Converting Octal to Decimal
• Example: 2538
= (2×82) + (5×81) + (3×80)
= 128 + 40 + 3
= 171

• Exercise: Convert 1728 to decimal


Answer: 1728 = 122
Exercise: 2648 = ?
8
Converting Decimal to Octal
• Example: Convert 103 to octal
Solution:
Convert 103 by repeated division by 8;
103 = 1478

• Exercise: Convert 59 to octal


Answer: 59 = 738

9
Why is Octal Important?
• Computers use binary numbers exclusively
• However, binary numbers often have many
digits – e.g. 900010 = 010 001 100 101 0002
• Decimal uses fewer digits than binary, but
conversions between the bases are awkward
• Octal has two advantages:
– a fairly large base (so not too many digits)
– easy to convert between octal and binary
(as we’ll see in the next slides)
• Thus: octal is a good shorthand for binary
10
Conversion from Binary to Octal
Example: Convert 011 001 011 1012
to octal
Answer: 31358
Method: Group the bits into sets of three
adding extra zeros on the left if required to
complete a set of three bits. Then convert
each set of 3 bits to a single octal digit.
Task: Perform conversion of first 10 decimal
digits into binary
11
The Hexadecimal System
• The base 16 number system has the
advantages of octal (i.e. a relatively large
base, and easy conversions with binary) and it
also efficiently represents a byte
• Base 16 system is called hexadecimal (‘hex’)
• Hex uses 16 digits – the familiar 0-9, and the
upper-case letters A-F for 10-15,
representation.
• It is now the preferred shorthand for binary
12
To Convert Between Hex &
Decimal
• Example: Write 3AB16 in decimal form
Solution: 3AB16
= (3×162) + (10×161) + (11×160)
= 768 + 160 + 11 = 939
7C2916 = ( ? )10
• Example: Convert 730 to hex
Solution: Convert 730 using repeated
division by 16
– the answer is 2DA16
13
• 16 | 730
45 ------- 10
2----------13

2D A

6575= (?) 16

19A5
209F
19AF

14
To Convert Between Binary & Hex
• The method is the same as for conversions
between binary & octal, except that bits are
grouped into sets of four (rather than three)
• Example: Convert 0101 1011 0011
to hexadecimal
Answer: 5B316
• Example: Convert 3E716 to binary (use same trick
and group bits into sets of four)
Answer: 11111001112
15

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