ELECTRICAL TRACTION
& LOVOMOTIVE
Professor Xie Weida
2012-6
What is the electric traction?
Answer 1:
Electric Traction means to use electric motors for railway service.
The system which use electric motor for traction is
Answer 2:
The called
system electric
which usetraction
electricalsystem
power for traction system is called
electrical traction.
Diesel electric locomotive
Diesel hydraulic locomotive
Factors of traction control
Velocity ；
constant project for transportation system ；
Safety ；
the most important factor of transportation ；
Comfortable ；
people’s requirements for transportation ；
Part 1 Overview
Electric traction system
Convert Mechanical
Electric power motor
E/M tractive effort
Electric power supply
AC- 25kv 、 50Hz ；
AC- 15kv 、 16⅔Hz ；
DC- 3000v ；
DC- 1500v ；
DC- 750v ；
Motor
Series exciting
DC-motor
Parallel exciting
Seperate exciting
AC-motor
synchronous
asynchronous
The classification of traction system
motor
Power DC motor AC motor
supply
DC-DC DC-AC
DC power supply
traction system traction system
AC-DC AC-DC-AC
AC power supply
traction system traction system
DC Traction system AC Traction system
AC-DC traction system
Power supply(contactor)→rectifier →DC motor
牵引控制装置
Controller
Contactor
Reactor
平波电抗器
M M
Rectifier
DC-DC traction system
Power supply(contactor)→chopper →DC motor
Contactor Contactor
牵引控制装置
Controller
Resistor
K
R 斩波器
chopper
M M M M
（A） (B)
DC-AC traction system
Power supply(contactor) →inverter →AC motor
Contactor
牵引控制装置
Controller
M
逆变器
Inverter
M
AC-DC-AC traction system
Power supply(contactor)→rectifier →inverter →AC motor
牵引控制装置
Controller
Contactor
convertor
Rectifier inverter M
整流器 逆变器
M
History
The first known electric locomotive was built in 1837 ；
1879 ， the first electric passenger train –by Siemens ,Germen ；
1881 ， the first trolley bus operating in Berlin, Germen ；
1890 ， three phase alternate motor-by Germen ；
1892 ， the first trolley bus drived by three phase motor in Berlin ；
1897 ， the first electric locomotive of 300kw in operation ；
1903 ， single phase electric locomotive by 5.5kv/25Hz ；
1912 ， single phase electric locomotive by 15kv 、 16+2/3 Hz i
n Germen 、 Austria 、 Norway 、 Sweden 、 Turkey ；
1936 ， single phase electric locomotive by 50Hz in Germen
1955 ， electric locomotive used mercury thyratron ；
1965 ， electric locomotive used thyristor or SCR (silicon contro
lled rectifier) ；
1978 ， inverter into the traction system in Germen ；
1979 ， the first AC-electric locomotive (BR120) was produced b
y Germen ；
In the 1990s ， GTO （ Gate-Turn-Off ） and high voltage GT
O （ 6.5kv/3000A ） applied in locomotives and vehicles ；
In the 1990s ， IGBT （ Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor ） an
d IPM(Intelligent Power Module) devices were applied in Japan s
uccessfully ， and started to replace GTO ；
After 2000 ， IGBT （ IPM ） devices had been applied in elect
ric traction system comprehensively ；
Electric traction characteristic
High power and high traction effort ；
High efficiency ；
High speed of train ；
Easy to form automatic control system ；
Complicate traction system ；
A French TGV holds the world speed record for the fastest
wheeled train, having reached 574.8 km/h (357.2 mph) on 3 April
2007.
Part 2 Electric Locomotive
Locomotive
A locomotive is a railway vehicle that solely provides the motive po
wer for a train.
Steam locomotive ；
Diesel locomotive ；
Electric locomotive ；
Battery locomotive ；
Steam locomotive
In the 19th century the first railway locomotives were powered by
steam, usually generated by burning coal. Because steam locomo
tives included one or more steam engines, they are sometimes ref
erred to as "steam engines". The steam locomotive remained by f
ar the most common type of locomotive until after World War II.
By the end of the 20th century, almost the only steam power still i
n regular use in North America and Western European countries
was on heritage railways largely aimed at tourists and/or railroad
hobbyists, known as 'rail fans' .
Diesel locomotive
Experimental diesel-powered locomotives were first built just a
fter World War I. In the 1940s, they began to displace steam
power on American railroads. Following the end of World War
II, diesel power began to appear on railroads in many countries.
In many countries the significantly better economics of diesel o
peration triggered a dash to diesel power, a process known as D
ieselization. By the late 1960s, few major railroads in North A
merica, Europe and Oceania continued to operate steam locom
otives, although significant numbers still existed outside these
areas.
electric and hydraulic power transmission systems were all e
mployed with varying degrees of success;
electric transmission has proved to be most popular;
diesel-hydraulic locomotives have certain advantages and are
continuously used in some European countries;
most modern Diesel-powered locomotives are diesel-electric;
Diesel electric locomotive
辅助设备
AUX
Auxiliary
G 辅助电路
device
Axle
柴油机
Diesel engine
F M M
generator
励磁
Exciter
调节 rectifier
I
Control V U
控制系统
system
Electric locomotive
An electric locomotive is a locomotive powered by electricity fr
om overhead lines or a third rail.
The capital cost of electrifying track is high, electric trains and l
ocomotives are capable of higher performance and lower operati
onal costs than steam or diesel power.
The structure of electric locomotive ；
pantograph
convertor
transformer
motor Gear
Wheel box motor
Gear
box
Power transmission
Locomotive of DC transmission
The principle of DC motor coil
pole
brush
commutator
∑r ∑r ∑r
I
Id M
DC M DC Ea DC M DC
IL Ea Id Ea IL
Id
(a) (b) (c)
Parallel exciting Series exciting Seperate exciting
M=CMΦId;
Ea=U-Id∑r =Ce Φn;
pantograph
transformer rectifier
M
DC
DC
Choper
Locomotive of AC transmission
The principle of AC motor
Three phase The field Inducting The The force
current cut the voltage current in make
make a conductor and the field rotator
rotating of rotator current in produce a rotating
field conductor force
60×f 1
N=
P （1－s）
N rpm motor ；
F1 frequency of source
power ；
P pair ；
S slide ；
Power transmission of AC locomotive
AC Ｍotor
transformer
inverter
inverter
DC to three 三相电动机
phase power
E
Advantage of AC Locomotive
Excellent dynamics for operation
High power
Small motor
Large velocity
Lower maintain
Reliability
