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D. Inverse Trigonometric Functions: One-To-One Onto

The document discusses inverse trigonometric functions and provides examples of their notation. It defines inverse trigonometric functions as those that undo the original trigonometric functions when the domain and range are restricted to ensure one-to-one mapping. Common inverse functions include arcsin, arccos, arctan, etc. It also presents examples of applying inverse trigonometric functions and theorems about triangles.

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abdullah naseer
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90 views69 pages

D. Inverse Trigonometric Functions: One-To-One Onto

The document discusses inverse trigonometric functions and provides examples of their notation. It defines inverse trigonometric functions as those that undo the original trigonometric functions when the domain and range are restricted to ensure one-to-one mapping. Common inverse functions include arcsin, arccos, arctan, etc. It also presents examples of applying inverse trigonometric functions and theorems about triangles.

Uploaded by

abdullah naseer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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D.

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS


Recall that a function f: S → T is a one-to-one
function if for every x1 ≠ x2, f(x1) ≠ f(x2). Also, f is
an onto function if every element in T is an image of
an element in S.
If a function is both one-to-one and onto then it has an
inverse. It is easy to show that trigonometric functions
are not one-to-one, since they repeat themselves.
Therefore, if we want to define the inverse of a
trigonometric function, we must choose a suitable
smaller domain and range in which the function is
both one-to-one and onto. We use the prefix ‘arc’ to
name the inverse of a trigonometric function. For
 arcsin x is the inverse of sin
 

x, arccos x is the inverse of


cos x, arctan x is the inverse
of tan x, arccot x is the
inverse of cot x, and so on.
 Some books use sinx, cosx,
tanx, cotx or Asin x, Acos
x, Atan x, Acot x to show the
inverses of trigonometric
functions.
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:
HOMEWORK:
D. Trigonometric Theorems
Note:
By the law of cosines:
• If two sides of a triangle and the angle between them are
known, it is possible to find the length of the third side
• If the three sides of a triangle are known, it is possible to
calculate the trigonometric values of the angles.
EXAMPLE:
A triangle has side lengths a = 5 cm and b = 4 cm and angle
m(∠C) = 60°. Find the length of side c.
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:
HOMEWORK:
law of sines
If R is the radius of the circumscribed circle of a triangle
ABC with side lengths a, b and c, then
EXAMPLE:
In a triangle ABC, a = 5 cm, m(∠A) = 30° and m(∠C) = 105°.
Find the length of side b
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:
HOMEWORK:

1
2
2. Formulas for the area of a triangle:
In a triangle ABC with sides a, b and c the following properties hold:
 
A (ΔABC)
A (ΔABC)
A (ΔABC)
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:
The sides of a triangle ΔABC are a = 13 cm, b = 14 cm and
c = 15 cm. Find the radii r and R of the inscribed and
circumscribed circles of ΔABC.
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:
HOMEWORK
1. In the figure, AB = 6, AC = 3, BC = 4, CD = 8 and CE = 9. Find the length DE = x.

2. In the figure, AC = 4, m(∠A) = 120° and m(∠C) = 15°. Find the


length BC = a and the radius R of the circumscribed circle of ΔABC.
3. Two sides of a triangle are a = 4 cm and b = 6 cm. If m(∠C) = 45°,
find the area of ΔABC.

4. In the figure, ABCD is a square and E is the midpoint


of side BC. Find sin x.
E. TRIGONOMETRIC FORMULAS
Sometimes we can find the value of a trigonometric ratio by writing it as the sum or
difference of more familiar trigonometric ratios. The properties of a 30°-60°-90°
triangle and a 45°-45°-90° triangle give us the common ratios in the table at the right.
We can use these ratios with the following formulas.
1. cos 75º = ? 2. tan 105° = ?
HOMEWORK
3. Reduction Formulas
The trigonometric reduction formulas help us to ‘reduce’ a trigonometric ratio
to a ratio of an acute angle. If the acute angle is a common angle, this
technique helps us to find the ratio.
For example, imagine you need to find cot 300°. We can say that 300° = 270° +
30°
To derive the reduction formulas, first we need to know the signs of the
trigonometric functions in each quadrant:
1.
2. If we have π/2 or 3π/2 in the reduction formula, the formula changes sine to
cosine and tangent to cotangent. If we have π or 2π in the formula, the function
does not change.
3. Now we can combine these two pieces of information to get the reduction
formulas:
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:
4. Sum to Product Formulas
We can use the sum and difference formulas together to rewrite the sum
of two trigonometric ratios as a product of trigonometric ratios.
Calculate sin 75° + sin 15°.
5. Product to Sum Formulas
We can also use the sum and difference formulas to write the product of
two trigonometric ratios as a sum. These new formulas are called the
product to sum formulas.
EXAMPLE
Calculate cos 105º ⋅ cos 15°
HOMEWORK

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