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Class 10 - Reproduction

The document discusses types of reproduction in organisms, including asexual reproduction which produces offspring identical to the parents through processes like fission, budding, regeneration, and vegetative propagation using plant structures. It also describes sexual reproduction, which involves the formation and fusion of gametes from two parents and leads to genetic variation in offspring. Various examples of asexual and sexual reproduction are provided for different organisms along with review questions.

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Manish Mishra
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124 views

Class 10 - Reproduction

The document discusses types of reproduction in organisms, including asexual reproduction which produces offspring identical to the parents through processes like fission, budding, regeneration, and vegetative propagation using plant structures. It also describes sexual reproduction, which involves the formation and fusion of gametes from two parents and leads to genetic variation in offspring. Various examples of asexual and sexual reproduction are provided for different organisms along with review questions.

Uploaded by

Manish Mishra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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REPODUCTION

IN
ORGANISMS
TYPES OF REPRODUCTION
Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction

 Always uniparental.  Usually biparental.


 It does not involve formation or  Involves formation and fusion of
fusion of gametes. gametes.
 Offsprings are genetically identical
to parents.  Offsprings are not identical to the
 It is simple and fast process. parents.
 It helps in maintaining same  It is elaborate, complex and slow
characters for generations. process.
 It is common among single celled  It plays a vital role in evolution process.

organisms, plants and animals with  It is common in higher organisms with


simple organisation. complex organisation.
 It involves mitosis.  It involves meiosis
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

FISSION- The splitting up of parental cell into two


or more daughter cells.
a) Binary fission-splitting of parental cell into two
equal daughter cells. Division in any
plane(amoeba), longitudinal(euglena),
transverse(paramecium) and
oblique(dinoflagellates).
b) Multiple fission-splitting of a parent cell to
numerous daughter cells e.g. Plasmodium.
Sporulation in amoeba.
Contd.
Fragmentation- in algae (Spirogyra),
fungi (Rhizopus)
Budding- External budding in yeast,
hydra. Unequal division during budding.
Internal budding (Gemmule formation) in
fresh water sponges(Spongilla)
Regeneration- regrowth in the injured
region e.g. Planaria, Hydra.
VEGETATIVE
PROPAGATION
Roots- Both tap roots(e.g. Guava) and adventitious roots(sweet
potato) take part in vegetative propagation.
Underground Stems-

(i) Tubers- Have axillary buds on the nodes e.g. Potato.


(ii) Bulbs-Underground condensed shoots e.g. garlic, onion.
(iii) Corms-Unbranched swollen underground stems e.g. Colocasia
(iv) Rhizomes- store food for perennation during unfavourable
conditions,e.g. banana, ginger, turmeric
(v) Suckers-These are selender underground branches that
develops from base of aerial shoot. Breaking of suckers form
new plants e.g. mint, chrysanthemum.
Contd.
Subaerial or creeping stems
(i) Runners-narrow green horizontal branches which develop at
base of crown and root at intervals where new crowns are
formed,e.g. lawn grass(doob grass)
Stolons-They are arched horizontal branches that develop at
base of crown,e.g. Strawberry
(i) Offsets-These are one internode long runners occur in aquatic
plants,e.g. Eichhornia(water hyacinth) and Pistia (Water
lettuce)
Aerial Stems-Fleshy Phylloclades accur in Opuntia.
Leaves- of many plants have adventitious buds, e.g.
Bryophyllum.
Bulbils-these are multicellular fleshy buds, e.g. Agave
Artifical Method of Vegetative
Propagation

Cuttings-roots, stems and


leaves
Layering
Grafting
Micropropagation
Multiple Choice Questions
(i) External fertilisation occurs in majority of
(a) algae (b) fungi (c) liverworts (d) mosses
(ii) Vegetative reproduction in Pistia occurs by (a) stolon (b)offset
(c) runner (d) sucker
(iii) The type of asexual reproduction found in Hydra is
(a) multiple fission (b) budding (c) binary fission (d) gemmule
formation
(iv) Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched
(a) Conidia-Penicillium (b) Offset- Water hyacinth
(c)Rhizome-Banana (d) Binary fission- Sargassum
Contd.
(v) The part of the fruit formed from the wall of ripened ovary
(a) pericarp (b) nucellus (c) gemmule (d) endosperm
(vi) The eyes of potato tubers are
(a) flower buds (b) shoot bud (c) axillary buds (d) root buds
(vii) In Bryophyllum adventitious buds arise from
(a) leaves (b) root (c) stems (d) flowers
(viii) Which of the following is post- fertilisation event in
flowering plants?
(a) transfer of pollen grains (b) embryo development (c)
formation of flower
(d) formation of pollen grains
QUESTIONS: CHAPTER 1
REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISMS

Q1. How are Cucurbita plants different from papaya plants with reference
to the flowers they bear?
Q2. When are the non-flowering plants said to be homothallic and
monoecious; and heterothallic and dioecious? Give an example of each.
Q3. Name and explain the technique that can be used in developing
improved crop varieties in plants bearing female flowers only.
Q4. Meiosis is an essential event in the sexual cycle of any organism. Give
two reasons.
Q5. Name the group of organisms that produces non motile male gametes.
How do they reach the female gamete for fertilisation?
Contd.
Q6. Unicellular organisms are immortal, whereas multicellular organisms are not.
Justify.
Q7. Why is it difficult to get rid of water hyacinth’ from a water body? Name
one abiotic component and one biotic component of the ecosystem that gets
affected by its spread in the water body.
Q8. Plants like potato and sugarcane do not require seeds for producing new
plants. How do they produce new plants? Give two other examples, where new
plants are produced in the same way.
Q9. The cell division involved in gamete formation is not of the same type in
different organisms. Justify.
Q10. Why do moss plants produce very large number of male gametes? Provide
one reason. What are these gametes called?
Q11. Describe the process of sporulation seen in Amoeba. What are its
advantages?
Q12. Differentiate between oviparous and viviparous animals with an example
of each.

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