the people’s university

TCC 233/05
Database Management Systems
Unit 1 Introduction to Database

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About me…
the people’s university

• Name: Mr. C
• Contact number: 012 - 8888888
03 - 8888888
• Email: [email protected]
[email protected]
• Telephone tutoring time slot:
weekday : 8 – 10 pm
weekend: 2 – 5 pm
• Please contact me once every 2 weeks.

Prepared by Yong Yen San and Steven Phan

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Course Overview
TCC 233/05 – Database Management Systems
the people’s university

• This is a 5-credit middle level course.

• This course emphasizes on theories and development
of application related with database management
systems
• WawasanLearn – provide online support such as e-
forum, discussion, information about the course,
course materials as well as announcement from the
tutor and Course Coordinator (CC)
* advise to log in at least twice a week

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Assessment Methodology
TCC 233/05 – Database Management Systems
the people’s university

• Tutor-marked assignment (TMA)

- TMA 1 (10 %)
- TMA 2 (20 %) 50 %
- TMA 3 (20 %) 100 % (Total)
• Final examination – 50 %
• To pass the course, you must achieve at least
D (40 %) in both continuous assessment and
final examination.

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Unit 1: Introduction to Database
Outline the people’s university

Introduction to Database

Evolution of Database System

Introduction to database and database system
File-based system
Limitation of file-based system
Evolution of database technology
Components of a DBMS environment Database Environment
Advantages and disadvantages of DBMS The three-level ANSI-SPARC architecture
Database Languages (DDL, DML, DCL)
Database Management System (DBMS)
Components of DBMS
Client-server architecture for DBMS

Introduction to Microsoft
SQL Server
Prepare to work with a database
Create table Not important in this
Inserting data unit, please refer to Unit
3 for more information

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Unit 1: Introduction to Database
1.1 Evolution of Database System the people’s university

Focus area:
• What is database, database system and
database management system (DBMS)
• Component of database system

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Unit 1: Introduction to Database
1.1 Evolution of Database System the people’s university

Database
• A kind of electronic filing cabinet; that is, it is a repository or container for
a collection of computerised data files

Database System
• A computerised record keeping system; in other words, it is a
computerised system whose overall purpose is to store information and to
allow users to retrieve and update that information on demand. It involves
four major components: data, hardware, software and users

Database Management System (DBMS)

• A computer software designed for the purpose of managing databases.
Typical examples of DBMSs include Oracle, DB2, Microsoft Access,
Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, 4th Dimension and FileMaker. DBMSs are
typically used by Database administrators in the creation of database
systems.
• Refer Figure 1.1 in the course material.

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Unit 1: Introduction to Database
1.1 Evolution of Database System the people’s university

Components of Database System

2 Database Management System
(DBMS)
1
Application Software to Process
Program Queries
User

Application Software to Access

Program Stored Data
4 User

Application
Program 3 Stored
User Database

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Unit 1: Introduction to Database
1.2 Database Environment the people’s university

Focus area:
• The three levels of architecture of a DBMS
• Database languages
• Component of DBMS
• Advantages and disadvantages of DBMS
• Client-server architecture

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Unit 1: Introduction to Database
1.2 Database Environment the people’s university

The three levels of architecture of a DBMS

Lecturer Staff from HR
External
View 1 View n
Level

Conceptual Conceptual View

Level

Internal
Internal View
Level

Database

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Unit 1: Introduction to Database
1.2 Database Environment the people’s university

The three levels of architecture of a DBMS

Lecturer Staff from HR View 1 (lecturer)
External
View 1 View n ID Name Address ContactNo
Level

View n (HR)
Conceptual Conceptual View
Level staffID staffName Dpt Pos

Internal
Internal View
Level

Database

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Unit 1: Introduction to Database
1.2 Database Environment the people’s university

The three levels of architecture of a DBMS

Lecturer Staff from HR
External Conceptual record
View 1 View n
Level
id: String
sName: String
address: String
Conceptual Conceptual View state: String
Level
contactNo: String
salary: Money
Internal joinedDate: Date
Internal View
Level dept: String
position: String

Database sex: Char

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Unit 1: Introduction to Database
1.2 Database Environment the people’s university

The three levels of architecture of a DBMS

Lecturer Staff from HR
External Internal record
View 1 View n
Level
id: String length 7 offset 0
sName: String length 30 offset 7
address: String length 80 offset 37
Conceptual Conceptual View state: String length 10 offset 117
Level
contactNo: String length 15 offset
127
salary: Money length 4 offset 142
Internal joinedDate: Date length 4 offset
Internal View
Level 146
dept: String length 3 offset 150
position: String length 15 offset 153
sex: Character length 1 offset 168
Database

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Unit 1: Introduction to Database
1.2 Database Environment the people’s university

The three levels of architecture of a DBMS

Lecturer Staff from HR
External
View 1 View n
Level

External/Conceptual Mapping

Conceptual Conceptual View

Level
Conceptual/Internal Mapping
Internal
Internal View
Level

Database

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Unit 1: Introduction to Database
1.2 Database Environment the people’s university

Database Languages:
Data Definition Language (DDL)
• Data Definition Language (DDL) is used by the database administrator
and database designers to define a schema or modify the existing
schemas. It allows users to specify the data types and structures and the
constraints on the data to be stored in the database.

Data Manipulation Language (DML)

• Data Manipulation Language (DML) is used to manipulate the database
such as retrieval, insertion, deletion and modification of the data.

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Unit 1: Introduction to Database
1.2 Database Environment the people’s university

Data Control Language (DCL)

• Data Control Language (DCL) is used to control the security and
permission to access the data, which means a user can access any data
based on the privileges given to him/her.

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Unit 1: Introduction to Database
1.2 Database Environment the people’s university

Component of DBMS
Database Programmers Users DBA
System
Application Queries Database
programs schema

DBMS DML Query DDL

Compiler Processor Compiler

Object code Database Catalogue

Manager

Stored
Database

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Unit 1: Introduction to Database
1.2 Database Environment the people’s university

Client-server architecture
First Tier
First Tier Client
Client User interface
Second Tier
Business and data Application
processing logic Server
Second Tier
Database
Server Data validation
Third Tier
Database access Database
Server
Stored
Database

Stored
Database

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Unit 1: Introduction to Database
1.3 Introduction to Microsoft SQL Server the people’s university

Focus area:
• Familiarise with the Microsoft SQL Server

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Unit 1: Introduction to Database
1.3 Introduction to Microsoft SQL Server the people’s university

Start Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio

Express

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Unit 1: Introduction to Database
1.3 Introduction to Microsoft SQL Server the people’s university

Write new query

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Unit 1: Introduction to Database
1.3 Introduction to Microsoft SQL Server the people’s university

Execute SQL query

Command window

Result window /
Message window

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Unit 1: Introduction to Database
Your Tasks
the people’s university

1. List the three-level ANSI-SPARC architecture?

Ans: External level, Internal level, Conceptual level
2. What level that physically stores the database?
Ans: Physical level
3. Name the software used to create and to maintain the database?
Ans: DBMS
4. Illustrate with examples of the 3 main groups of database
languages.
Ans: DDL, DCL, DML
5. Describe the main components of DBMS.
Ans: DML compiler, Query Processor, DDL compiler, Database Manager

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