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Graphical User Interface: GUI/Goo-EE

The document discusses command line interfaces (CLI) and graphical user interfaces (GUI). It provides examples of CLIs like UNIX, Linux, and DOS. It explains that a CLI uses text commands while a GUI uses visual elements like windows, icons, and menus. The first GUI was developed at Xerox PARC by researchers like Alan Kay and Douglas Engelbart in the 1970s but it was not until the 1980s that GUIs became popular with the Apple Macintosh. The document outlines some advantages and criticisms of each type of interface.

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92 views

Graphical User Interface: GUI/Goo-EE

The document discusses command line interfaces (CLI) and graphical user interfaces (GUI). It provides examples of CLIs like UNIX, Linux, and DOS. It explains that a CLI uses text commands while a GUI uses visual elements like windows, icons, and menus. The first GUI was developed at Xerox PARC by researchers like Alan Kay and Douglas Engelbart in the 1970s but it was not until the 1980s that GUIs became popular with the Apple Macintosh. The document outlines some advantages and criticisms of each type of interface.

Uploaded by

getchew
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Graphical

User
Interface

GUI/Goo-EE
Command Line Interface (CLI)
A CLI (command line interface) is a user interface
to a computer's operating system or
an application in which the user responds to a
visual prompt by typing in a command on a
specified line, receives a response back from the
system, and then enters another command, and so
forth.
Examples of CLI: UNIX, LINUX, DOS
• The MS-DOS Prompt application in a Windows
operating system is an example of the provision of a
command line interface. 

• Typically, most of today's UNIX-based systems


offer both a command line interface and a graphical
user interface.
• For example in DOS you could type in:
copy c:\item.txt   d:\
• That tells the machine to copy the file 'item.txt' that
resides in the root directory of drive C: into the root
directory of drive D:\
Advantages
Requires fewer resources.
Concise and powerful.
Expert - friendly.
Easier to automate via scripting.

Criticisms
Commands not obvious.
Not visually rich.
Beginner - unfriendly.
The First Graphical User Interface
The first graphical user interface was designed
by Xerox Corporation's Palo Alto Research Center
in the 1970s, but it was not until the 1980s and the
emergence of the Apple Macintosh that graphical
user interfaces became popular.
One reason for their slow acceptance was the fact
that they require considerable CPU power and a
high-quality monitor, which until recently were
prohibitively expensive.
The GUI was first developed at Xerox
PARC by Alan Kay, Douglas Engelbart, and a
group of other researchers.
Later, Apple introduced the Lisa computer, the
first commercially available computer, on January
19, 1983.

Examples of GUI: Mac OS, MS Windows. 


Xerox PARC
Short for Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Xerox
PARC is a research center in Palo Alto, California,
USA that began operations in 1970 and continues
research and development today.
Xerox PARC and its researchers developed
numerous technologies that are widely used today.
For example, the GUI, Ethernet, and laser
printing are just a few examples of some
developments.
Name: Alan Curtis Kay
Born: May 17, 1940

Computer related contributions


Help create the idea of a laptop computer with his Dynabook prototype
while at Xerox PARC
Helped develop Ethernet, Laser Printing, and the Client-Server network
model.
Help develop the Dynabook concept that helped pave the wave
for laptop and tablet style computers.
Name: Douglas Carl Engelbart
Born: January 30, 1925 in USA

Computer related contributions


•Invented the computer mouse.
•Talked about and demonstrated the concepts of hypertext .
•Helped with the development of a GUI while at Xerox PARC.
Graphical User Interface
• A GUI (usually pronounced GOO-ee) is a
graphical (rather than purely textual) user interface
to a computer.

• It allows the use of icons or other visual indicators


to interact with electronic devices, rather than using
only text via the command line.
• For example, all versions of Microsoft Windows
utilize a GUI, whereas MS-DOS does not.
• Below is a picture of the Windows 7 Desktop and an
example of a GUI.
How does it work?
• A GUI uses windows, icons, and menus to carry
out commands, such as opening, deleting, and
moving files.
• Although many GUI operating systems are
navigated through the use of a mouse, the keyboard
can also be utilized by using keyboard shortcuts or
arrow keys.
What are the benefits of GUI?
GUI operating systems are much easier to learn and
use because commands do not need to be
memorized.
Additionally, users do not need to know
any programming languages.
Because of their ease of use, GUI operating systems
have become the dominant operating system used
by today's end-users.
A few examples of a GUI operating system
Microsoft Windows
Apple System 7 and Mac OS
Chrome OS

A few examples of a GUI interface


Any Microsoft program (i.e. Word, Excel, Outlook)
Internet browser (i.e. Internet Explorer, Chrome, Firefox)
Components of GUI
Basic Components of a GUI
Graphical user interfaces, such as Microsoft
Windows and the one used by the Apple Macintosh,
feature the following basic components:

Pointer : A symbol that appears on the display


screen and that you move to select objects and
commands.
Usually, the pointer appears as a small angled
arrow. 
Pointing device : 
A device, such as a mouse or trackball, that enables
you to select objects on the display screen.
Icons : Small pictures that represent
commands, files, or windows. By moving the
pointer to the icon and pressing a mouse button, you
can execute a command or convert the icon into a
window. You can also move the icons around the
display screen as if they were real objects on your
desk.
Desktop : The area on the display screen where
icons are grouped is often referred to as the desktop
because the icons are intended to represent real
objects on a real desktop.
windows: We can divide the screen into different
areas. In each window, we can run a different
program or display a different file. We can move
windows around the display screen, and change
their shape and size at will.
Menus : Most graphical user interfaces let you
execute commands by selecting a choice from a
menu.
In addition to their visual components, graphical
user interfaces also make it easier to
move data from one application to another.
A true GUI includes standard formats for
representing text and graphics.
Because the formats are well-defined, different
programs that run under a common GUI can share
data.

This makes it possible, for example, to copy a graph


created by a spreadsheet program into
a document created by a word processor.
  Advantages (only when it is properly built) 
• It can be user-friendly and speed up the user's work.
• Help available from menus if the user needs.
• It can be more attractive for non-technical people. 
• In general, it looks more professional. 
• less skill.
• Easier to understand .
•  More economical to create and maintain. 
• Quality of the resulting user interfaces might be higher.
Disadvantages (when it is not properly built)
• It can be very difficult to work with.
• Especially for a beginner GUIs take up a much larger
amount of hard disk space than other interfaces  
•  It generally requires more memory resources than a
non-graphical one.
• It might require the installation of additional software,
e.g., the "runtime environment" in the case of java. 
• Depending on the programmer, it might require more
time to be implemented.
Difference b/w CLI & GUI
Topic Command line (CLI) GUI
Ease Due to a higher degree of Because a GUI is much more visually
memorization and familiarity intuitive, new users almost always
needed for operation and pick up this interface faster than a
navigation, new users find operating CLI.
a command line interface more
difficult than a GUI.

Control Users have more control over both Although a GUI offers ample access
the file and operating systems in a to the file and operating system,
command line interface. For advanced tasks may still need to
example, users can copy a specific utilize the command line.
file from one location to another
with a one-line command.
Multitasking Although many command line GUI users have windows that enable a
environments are capable of user to view, control, manipulate, and
multitasking, they do not offer the toggle through multiple programs and
same ease and ability to view folders at same time.
multiple things at once on one
screen.
Topic Command line (CLI) GUI
Speed Command line users only need to utilize Using both a mouse and
their keyboards to navigate the interface.
keyboard to navigate and control
Additionally, they often only need to your operating or file system is
execute a few lines to perform a task. going to be much slower than
someone who is working in a
command line.
Resources A computer that is only using the A GUI requires more system
command line takes a lot less of the resources because of the
computer's system resources than a GUI. elements that require loading,
such as icons and fonts. Video,
mouse, and other drivers need to
be loaded, taking up additional
system resources.
Scripting A command line interface enables a user Although A GUI enables a user
to script a sequence of commands to to create shortcuts, tasks, or other
perform a task or execute a program. similar actions, it doesn't even
come close in comparison to
what is available through a
command line.
Remote When accessing another computer or Although remote graphical
access device over a network, a user can only access is possible. Not all
manipulate the device or its files with a computers and network
command line interface. equipment has this ability.
Topic Command line (CLI) GUI
Diversity After you've learned how to navigate Each GUI has a different design
and use a command line, it's not going and structure when it comes to
to change as much as a new GUI. performing different tasks. Even
Although new commands may be different iterations of the same
introduced, the original commands GUI, such as Windows, can have
always remain the same. hundreds of different changes
between each version.

Strain The command line allows the user to Although shortcut keys can help
keep their hands on the keyboard, reduce the amount of times you
almost never touching the mouse. have move from the keyboard to
Moving back and forth between a the mouse, you will still be
keyboard and mouse can cause moving much more between
additional strain and may help devices in a GUI.
contribute to Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.
Thank You

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