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Projections of Points

1. A point represents a position and has no size, represented by a dot with a capital letter name. 2. Points are positioned with respect to the vertical plane (VP), horizontal plane (HP), and principal planes (PP) and can fall in any of the four quadrants. 3. The top, front, and side views of a point are denoted by lowercase letters with various primes and indicate the projection of the point onto the respective planes.

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88 views26 pages

Projections of Points

1. A point represents a position and has no size, represented by a dot with a capital letter name. 2. Points are positioned with respect to the vertical plane (VP), horizontal plane (HP), and principal planes (PP) and can fall in any of the four quadrants. 3. The top, front, and side views of a point are denoted by lowercase letters with various primes and indicate the projection of the point onto the respective planes.

Uploaded by

ambika1969in
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROJECTIONS OF

POINTS
POINT - DEFINITION
A point is the most fundamental object in geometry. It is
represented by a dot and named by a capital letter. A point
represents position only; it has zero size (that is, zero
length, zero width, and zero height).
A point is an exact position or location on a plane
surface. It is important to understand that a point is not a
thing, but a place.
The position of a point in engineering drawing is defined
wrt. its distance from the three principal planes i.e., with
respect to the VP, HP and PP.
NOTATIONS USED IN PROJECTIONS OF POINTS

Conventions used while drawing the projections of points:


Top views are represented by only small letters without
prime – p
Front views are represented by small letters with prime –
p’
Profile or side views are represented by small letters with
double prime – p”
Projectors are shown as thin lines
The line of intersection of HP and VP is denoted as X-Y
The line of intersection of VP and PP is denoted as X1-Y1
NOTATIONS USED IN PROJECTIONS OF POINTS
POSITION OF A POINT
A point may be in I, II, III and IV quadrant, or it may also
lie on any or both the reference planes at a time.
 A point is positioned “infront/behind/on” wrt. VP
 A point is positioned “above/below/on” wrt. HP
 A point is positioned “infront/behind” wrt. PP
FOUR QUADRANT SYSTEM
POINT IN 1ST QUADRANT

y
y

x
POINT IN 1ST QUADRANT
The point P is situated in first quadrant, i.e. y units above
HP and x units infront of VP.
When two projectors (imaginary lines one parallel to HP
and other perpendicular to VP) are drawn from this point
P, they will intersect VP and HP at p’ and p respectively.
These two points p’ on VP and p on HP are the front view
and top view of point P.
POINT IN 1ST QUADRANT
The method of obtaining the projection of P is as follows.
Draw a horizontal line of any length and mark it X-Y.
This is reference line.
Draw a thin and comparatively light line perpendicular to
X-Y. This line is called projector.
Mark a point p’ on the projector at a distance y from X-Y
and above it.
Mark a point p on the projector at a distance x from X-Y
and below it.
p’ and p are the projections of P in 1st quadrant.
POINT IN 2ND QUADRANT

x
y
y
x
POINT IN 2ND QUADRANT
The point P is situated in second quadrant, i.e. y units above
HP and x units behind the vertical plane.
The front view p’ of the point P will be at y units above the HP
and on the projector perpendicular to X-Y.
The top view p of the point P will be on the HP at a distance x
units behind VP.
The horizontal plane is rotated clockwise till it coincides with
VP. The top view p will then come above X-Y and on same
projector at a distance x units above X-Y line.
POINT IN 3RD QUADRANT

x x

y y
POINT IN 3RD QUADRANT
The point P is situated in third quadrant, i.e. x units
behind the VP and y units below the HP.
The front view p’ will be y units below X-Y and top view
p will be x units above X-Y. As the HP is rotated
clockwise, the top view goes up.
POINT IN 4TH QUADRANT

x
y
y
x
POINT IN 4TH QUADRANT
The point P is situated in the fourth quadrant, i.e. x units
in front of VP and y units below HP.
The front view p’ will be y units below XY and when the
HP is rotated clockwise, the top view goes down, i.e. p
will be x units below X-Y.
POINT IN 1ST / 4TH QUADRANT
POINT IN 2ND / 3RD QUADRANT
POINT IN PLANE (IN HP)
If the point is situated in HP, then its front view will be
on X-Y line. The position of top view will be related to
the position of the point in HP, i.e. if the point is in HP
and in front of VP, its top view will be below X-Y line,
and if the point is in HP and behind VP then its top view
will be above X-Y line.
POINT IN 1ST / 2ND QUADRANT
POINT IN 3RD / 4TH QUADRANT
POINT IN PLANE (IN VP)
If the point is situated in VP, its top view will be in X-Y
line. The position of front view will be related to the
position of the point in VP, i.e. if the point is in VP and
above HP, its front view will be above X-Y line, and if the
point is in VP but below HP, its front view will be below
X-Y line.
POINT IN ALL 4 QUADRANTS
POINT IN BOTH PLANE (VP & HP)
If the point is situated simultaneously in HP and VP both,
i.e. the point is on X-Y line and under this condition, the
top view and front view of the point will coincide and
will be in X-Y line.
PROCEDURE TO DRAW ALL THE
VIEWS
Draw a thin horizontal line, XY, to represent the line of
intersection of HP and VP
Draw X1Y1 line to represent the line of intersection of
VP and PP
Draw the Top View (p) and Front View (p’)
Draw the projector line
To project the right view on the left PP, draw a horizontal
projector through p to intersect the 45 degree line at m.
Through m draw a vertical projector to intersect the
horizontal projector drawn through p’ at p”
p” is the right side view of point P
PROCEDURE TO DRAW THE SIDE
VIEW
SUMMARY OF POINTS

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