SMART FARMING

BY:
EASHWAR PREETHI(BT14EEE025)
SAHITHI CHENREDDY(BT14EEE016)
PHANITHA GANGARAJU(BT14MME020)
KEERTHANA MUDHAPAKA(BT14MEC056)
INTRODUCTION:
Agriculture is the basic source of food supply of all countries of the world _
underdeveloped, developed or developing countries.
Raising supply by agriculture sector has great importance on economy growth
of our country . Agriculture sector supplies the needs of the whole world population
without depleting the available resources of the planet
But agriculture is facing challenges now-a-days due to environmental impact
resulting from intensive farming practices , extreme weather conditions and raising
climate change.
In order to overcome this problem and increase the productivity various
technologies have been developed.
Undoubtedly, technology and innovation are its most valuable allies since they
can help agricultural holdings be more efficient and their production systems more
sustainable
 Key Stages of Agriculture Development
• Stage 1: machinery use instead of manual labour

• Stage 2: all-round workflow mechanization, including storage

and processing

• Stage 3: common use of mineral fertilizers and

chemical crop protection agents, soil parameter change,

selection

• Stage 4: genetic engineering

• Stage 5: precision agriculture

MAJOR AGRICULTURAL PROBLEMS IN
INDIA
• Small and fragmented land-holdings
• Seeds
• Manures, Fertilizers and Biocides
•  Irrigation
• Lack of mechanisation
•  Soil erosion
• Agricultural Marketing
• Inadequate storage facilities
• Inadequate transport
• Scarcity of capital
PROBLEMS WE ARE INTROSPECTING
• Irrigation:
Although India is the second largest irrigated country of the world
after China, only one-third of the cropped area is under irrigation.
Most of the farming in India is monsoon dependent – if monsoons are good, the
entire economy (and not just the agricultural sector) is upbeat and when the
monsoon fails, everyone everywhere takes a hit to some extent. The problem
here is of proper management of water or the lack of it. 

Irrigation which consumes more than 80% of the total water use in the country
needs a proper overhaul if the country has to improve agricultural output and
boost the overall economy.
However, care must be taken to safeguard against ill effects of over
irrigation especially in areas irrigated by canals.
 CONTINUATION…
• Lack of mechanisation:
Little or no use of machines is made in ploughing, sowing, irrigating, thinning
and pruning, weeding, harvesting threshing and transporting the crops. This is specially
the case with small and marginal farmers. It results in huge wastage of human labour
and in low yields per capita labour force.
• Soil erosion:
Large tracts of fertile land suffer from soil erosion by wind and water. This
area must be properly treated and restored to its original fertility.
• Inadequate storage facilities:
The Parse Committee estimated the post-harvest losses at 9.3 per cent of which
nearly 6.6 per cent occurred due to poor storage conditions alone. Scientific storage is,
therefore, very essential to avoid losses and to benefit the farmers and the consumers
alike. This colossal wastage can be avoided by developing scientific ware-housing
facilities.
 WHAT IS IOT?
• IOT stands for “INTERNET OF THINGS”.
• The Internet of Things ( IoT ) is the network of physical devices, vehicles,
home appliances and other items embedded
electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and connectivity which enables these
objects to connect and exchange data
• The IoT allows objects to be sensed or controlled remotely across existing
network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration of the
physical world into computer-based systems, and resulting in improved
efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit in addition to reduced human
intervention
Smart farming:

Smart farming is a capital intensive and hi-tech system of growing

food cleanly and sustainable for the masses.

It is the application of modern ICT into agriculture . In this process , a

system is built for monitoring the crop field with the help of sensors and
automating the irrigation system.

Smart farming based on IoT technologies will enable growers and

farmers to reduce waste and enhance productivity ranging from the quantity of
fertilizer utilized to the number of journeys the farm vehicles have made.
Precision farming:
Precision farming can be thought of as anything that makes the farming
practice more controlled and accurate when it comes to raising livestock and
growing of crops.

In this approach of farm management, a key component is the use of IOT and
various items like sensors, control systems, robotics, autonomous vehicles,
automated hardware, variable rate technology, and so on.
CropMetrics is a precision agriculture organization
focused on ultra-modern agronomic solutions while
specializing in the management of precision irrigation.

The soil moisture probe technology provides complete

in-season local agronomy support, and recommendations
to optimize water use efficiency.

The virtual optimizer PRO combines various

technologies for water management into one central,
cloud based, and powerful location designed for consultants
and growers to take advantage of the benefits in
precision irrigation via a simplified interface.
Agricultural Drones
Drones are being used in agriculture in order
to enhance various agricultural practices.

The major benefits of using drones include crop

health imaging, integrated GIS mapping, ease of use,
saves time, and the potential to increase yields.

With strategy and planning based on real-time

data collection and processing, the drone technology
will give a high-tech makeover to the agriculture industry.

Precision Hawk is an organization that uses

drones for gathering valuable data via a series
of sensors that are used for imaging, mapping,
and surveying of agricultural land.
Livestock Monitoring
Large farm owners can utilize wireless IoT
applications to collect data regarding the location,
well-being, and health of their cattle.

This information helps them in identifying animals

that are sick so they can be separated from the herd,
thereby preventing the spread of disease.

It also lowers labour costs as ranchers can locate their

cattle with the help of IOT based sensors . JMB
North America is an organization that offers
cow monitoring solutions to cattle producers.
Climate Monitoring
Kilomo Salama is a project which
has been implemented in Kenia,
whose purpose is, based on the
concept of “safe agriculture”, to
reduce the collateral effects of
inclement weather over the farming
of the region. A connected weather
station monitors the fields. Thus,
small farmers have easier access to
insurance for their harvest through
periods of drought or flooding. A
safe network is implemented while
investment in farming is enhanced.
 
 Moisture content
Monitoring
Soil moisture sensors measures the
volumetric water content in soil. Since the
direct gravimetric measurement of free soil
moisture requires removing , drying, and
weighting of a sample. Soil moisture sensors
measure the volumetric water content
indirectly by using some other properties
like soil, such as, electrical resistance,
dielectric constant, dielectric constant, or
interaction with neutrons, as a proxy for
moisture content. Portable probe instruments
can be used by farmers or gardeners. Soil
moisture sensors typically refer to sensors
that estimate volumetric water content.
pH Level Indicator
We have already seen how technology
innovations are helping a growing
amount of farmers to be aware of the
anatomy of soil conditions. In that
respect, there are remote sensors capable
of measuring the pH level of any given
field or showing that clay is the
prevailing element in them available.
This information is extremely valuable to
know the soil’s drainage capacity or
acidity, which allows to adjust the amount
of water needed for irrigation and the
most beneficial type of cultivation
Grain Storage
Monitoring
Agricultural sensors may be of great help
when monitoring not only sowing process or
harvesting maintenance, but also when
storing seed recollection. That´s the case
with BeanIoT, bean-like plastic devices with
the size of a thumb which are thrown into
grain silos in order to monitor its
condition during the time they remain
stored.
Each plastic bean features inbuilt humidity
sensors, gyroscope, electronic compass and
Bluetooth. It can measure temperature,
moisture, air quality, altitude, gas levels
(including CO2) and the movement of the
grain inside the silo. 
SmartGreenhouses
Greenhouse farming is a methodology that
helps in enhancing the yield of vegetables,
fruits, crops etc.

Greenhouses control the environmental

parameters through manual intervention or a
proportional control mechanism.

For controlling the environment in a smart

greenhouse, different sensors that measure the
environmental parameters according to the
plant requirement are used.

We can create a cloud server for remotely

accessing the system when it is connected
using IOT .This eliminates the need for
constant manual monitoring..
 SUCCESSFUL STARTUPS
AVANIJAL AGRI AUTOMATION
• Founder name(s): Channabasappa Kolar & Vijayeendra H S 
• To help farmers sustain themselves against the pervasive shortage of water and
use existing sources efficiently, the Bangalore-based startup has introduced an
ingenious method of irrigation - one that can be programmed and controlled using
just an app. 
• Avanijal has developed an automated system - termed 'Nikash' - that leverages IoT
and wireless technology to control irrigation motors and valves in the field. This
low-cost system consists of a controller that is connected to an app, wireless
sensor nodes that are embedded into the soil and repeaters that establish
communication between the controller and the nodes. 
• Farmers can configure their irrigation schedule on the app and remotely monitor
the activity thereafter, automating processes that were earlier done manually. 
 SUCCESSFUL STARTUPS
• The system has also been designed to take voltage fluctuations into consideration,
so the time or volume of water is automatically adjusted during the event of power
outages.
• This means that when electricity is available, the controller - which is connected
to the wireless sensor nodes in the ground - automatically switches on the motor
as and when it is scheduled by the farmer. It stops when one portion of the land
gets the stipulated amount of water, and then moves on to the next portion - as
programmed on the app. At the end of the cycle, the irrigation wraps up for the
day. 
• Sensors on the field collect data which is then stored on to the Cloud. We can
analyze that data and provide input back to the farmer in a readable and graphical
way for them to take action.
• Avanijal has already started working with IBM to upload the data on to their
server and use its Watson IoT platform to conduct the analysis. 
 SUCCESSFUL STARTUPS
FARMSS COMPANY
• Name of Founder(s): Mayur Tambe and Shraddha M Bagwe 
• Ask any farmer, and he would unequivocally state that the soil is the most important asset to carry out
any form of cultivation. 
• The wide ratio of one soil testing lab for 2.09 lakh farmers in India (with the capacity of a lab being
3000 samples per year) and the lack of skilled lab personnel puts a question mark on the quality and
reliability of lab results leave alone the timeliness of the same. 
• According to the Census of India 2011, District Census Handbook Nashik, almost 60% of the farmers
(about 5 lakh) are such, who want to do the soil testing, but cannot, and have ended up taking
approximate decisions. 
 SUCCESSFUL STARTUPS
• The solution that Bagwe and her co-founder Mayur Tambe have come up is simple for the farmer
to follow and consists of three parts. 
1. The first part involves sample collection where a person on-field collects the soil sample in a
bag and tags the bag. The information of the farmer, such as name, geo location, land area and crop
is recorded in a mobile application. 
2. The sample then needs to be taken to the village of the Farmer Producers Organization (FPO)
where tests can be run using Farmss kit, which consists of a chemical colorimetric kit that extracts
the nutrient from the soil and develops a colored complex. The intensity of solution coloration is a
measure of the nutrient concentration. The Farmss mobile based color detection system that consists
of a phone and an add-on considers the solution as an input and reads the color to give a quantitative
nutrient concentration value. 
3. Lastly, based on the nutrient concentration, the same testing app further calculates the
appropriate fertilizer recommendation for a specific farmer. The testing app is linked to the sample
collection application, which provides the farmer necessary information to calculate the fertilizer
needed. This report can also be sent electronically sent to the farmer's phone.

The service would essentially be charged on a per test basis, which would be somewhere ranging
between Rs. 50-100 for five parameters (NPK, pH, EC) and recommendation. 
FARMERS WHO PROVED SMART AGRICULTURE CAN MAKE YOU RICH
• Drought! Loans! Untimely rains! Low market prices! It often seems like farmers have endless suffering in their lives.
• Perhaps that’s one of the reasons why none of the parents want their kids to become a farmer
• But, let’s see why even farming too can be quite rewarding – both mentally and financially. Here are five people in India who prove this to
be true:
• 1. Pramod Gautam:
 Meet Pramod, a former automobile engineer who switched to farming in 2006,
and now gets a yearly turnover of a crore, after implementing a radically
different method of cultivation.
 Initially, Pramod faced his share of challenges. He planted white groundnuts and
turmeric but reaped no benefits. Availability of labor was another big problem.
Pramod decided to switch to other crops and modern farm equipment, which
were not so labour intensive. An example of such types of equipment used by
some Indian farmers is the driverless tractor technology – developed by
Mahindra for such situations.
 Incidentally, farmers like Pramod can make such choices now since, unlike
before, they do not have to buy all the equipment. Even with a low budget, they
can rent farm equipment using apps like Trringo.
 Pramod sells the processed and unpolished pulses under the brand name of
‘Vandana’.  He has an annual turnover of about Rs. 1 crore from his dal mill and
an additional Rs 10-12 lakh from horticulture, which is much more than what he
was earning as an engineer!
2. Harish Dhandev:
Another engineer, Harish left his government job to take up Aloe Vera farming in Rajasthan – which proved highly
successful, earning him crores.
 Once he decided to farm on his ancestral land in Jaisalmer, one of the first things that Harish did was to get his soil
tested by the agricultural department.
 The agriculture department suggested him to grow crops like Bajra, Moong or Gawar – crops that require less water.
They did not suggest growing Aloe Vera because of a lack of market opportunities for the crop in the Jaisalmer area.
 However, Harish did his own research online through resources like MyAgriGuru, which connects farmers with agri
experts across the country to allow an exchange of ideas. Harish discovered that if he set his sight further afield and
used online portals to get to national and
international markets, he could easily sell his produce well.
 Over the years, Harish has bought more land and now grows
Aloe Vera over a hundred acres. His company, Dhandev
Global Group, is located in Dhaisar, 45 kilometres from
Jaisalmer in Rajasthan and his turnover ranges
between Rs. 1.5 to 2 crore.
3. Vishwanath Bobade:
 A farmer from Bahirwadi, Vishwanath’s village is in the drought-
prone Beed district of Maharashtra. However, he has earned Rs 7
lakh from farming on just one acre of land.

 Vishwanath decided to give multi-cropping a try, and he also

figured out that he could increase his crop by building a wire fence
and planting creepers and climbers on them.

 Vishwanath also installed a pipeline with his first-year profits to

ensure sprinklers watered his plants. He has also picked up
farming methods like raised-bed farming and mulching over the
years, which has proved to be beneficial.

 Indeed, Vishwanath takes help of only two labourers at his farm.

He and his wife work day and night to take care of the plants and
hence the cost of production is less, giving them better profits.
THANK YOU…!!!