laju

• Siti is standing in front of Liz Restaurant.

• Siti has been told to go to a textile shop located 20 m from
where she is standing.
• Where is the location of the shop from where she is
standing now?
• She has to walk for a distance of 20 m.
• She walks 20 m to the right.
• Her displacement is 20 m to the right from Liz
Restaurant.
In this section, the simplest form of motion – motion in a straight line
or linear motion will be analysed.
Linear motion is movement in a direction.
Forwards is positive, Backwards is negative.
 3m
distance

1.73 m
displacement
Distance is the total path length traveled by an object

Scalar Quantity
SI unit: meter (m)
DISPLACEMENT:
The distance in a specified direction
DISPLACEMENT:
The distance in a specified direction
1. The distance between two locations measured along the
shortest path connecting them in a specific direction
2. The distance of its final position from its initial position in a
specified direction
 distance
displacement
 1.5 km to east

0.5 km to west

1.5 + 1.5 + 0.5 + 0.5 = 4.0 km

Start at home and finish at home 1.5 + (-1.5) + (-0.5) + (0.5) = 0

 800 m

 
m north east

Displacement has magnitude and

direction
 Speed & Velocity

Speed or velocity are

used to describe how
fast a car is moving.

How is velocity
different from speed?
 Laju Halaju
Speed is the rate of change Velocity is the rate of
of distance change of displacement.

Meter / second @ ms-1 Meter / second @ ms-1

Derived quantity & scalar Derived quantity &

quantity Vector quantity
speed = Distance v=s velocity = displacement v=s
time t time t
 1000/150 = 6.67 m/s

Time taken to
1000/10 = 100 m/s
travel 1 km or
1 000 m 1000/3 = 333.3 m/s

1000/1.5 = 666.7 m/s

Speed of light
300 000 000 m/s 1000/0.1 = 10 000 m/s
Supersonic car

• The fastest speed on the land is 1220.9 km

per hour. This speed is achieved by Andy
Green which drove his supersonic car,
Thrust in Black Rock Desert, Nevada 1997.
This speed is faster than the speed of sound.
World record holder
for 100 m men event
is hold by Usain Bolt
with 9.58 s. Calculate
his average speed.
t = 9.58 s
s = 100 m

v = 100 m
9.58 s
= 10.44 m/s
Average speed: total distance
total time

Average velocity : total displacement

total time

Uniform speed: the speed that remains the same

in magnitude regardless of its direction.

Uniform velocity: velocity that remains the

same in magnitude and direction.
An object has a NON UNIFORM VELOCITY if:
1. The magnitude of its velocity changes
2. The direction of motion changes or the motion
is not a straight line.
 80 km/jam

The speed for both cars are equal

= 80 km/hr
80 km/jam

Velocity of both cars does not same

because different direction.
The velocity are not same because
different direction.
 Cheetah cycle

Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity

Acceleration = Change in velocity

time

Acceleration,a
= Final velocity,u – Initial velocity, v
time,t
Usain Bolt vs Cheetah
Azizul Hasni Juara Dunia 2017
same increase decreases
same increases decreases
zero acceleration
deceleration
 0
4.0 m/s

5.0 s

a=4–0 = 0.8 ms-2

5
Zero acceleration, a = 0 Constant Acceleration
• An object is at rest @ An object • Velocity increases at a constant
moves with constant velocity. rate.
• When a car moves at a constant
acceleration of 5 ms-2 , its
velocity increases by 5 m/s for
every second.
Notes
Displacement: from starting point to
final position
55 + 9 = 64 m
55 9m

55 m
30 m
39 m
5 + 7 + 5 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 = 57 m

7 + 10 + 10 = 27 m
 10 second

distance
second

distance
second

increases

decreases
Distance = AB + BC 100 + (-20)
= 100 + 20 = 120 m = 80 to right

velocity = 80/20
Speed = 120/20 = 4 m/s
= 6 m/s
 distance = 5 + 12 = 17 m

s = OB = √52 + 122
= 13 m dari OB
Velocity = 13/15
= 0.87 m/s to OB
speed = 17/15 = 1.13 m/s
u = 75, v = 5 t = 20 a = ?
a = [v – u]
t
= 5 – 75
20
a = -3.5 ms-2
Motion can also be
recorded by taking
lots of photographs
one after another.
ulangalik

Sela masa antara dua titik.

 1 saat

1/50 = 0.02 s

10 detik / ticks = 10 x 0.02 s = 0.2 s

8 cm
8.0 cm = 40.0 cms-1
0.2 s
 Halaju awal
Halaju akhir u=s
v=s t
t

a=v–u
t t ialah masa diambil dari
halaju awal, u ke halaju akhir,v
Pecutan
Masa diambil BUKAN dari titik 1st ke titik
akhir
 Anak panah ke kiri, mula di A

u 3 detik v (4 – 1) = 3 detik

u = 1.5 v = 7.5
0.2 0.2
= 7.5 cms-1 = 37.5 cms-1

u starts at B a = 37.5 – 7.5 = 50.0 cms-2

t = (4 – 1) x 0.2 = 0.6 s 0.6
u = 0.2 cm v = 1.4 cm
0.02 s 0.02 s t = (5 – 1) x 0.02 = 0.08 s
= 10.0 cms-1 = 70.0 cms-1

a = 70.0 – 10.0 = 750.0 cms-2 = 7.5 ms-2

0.08
u = 8.0 cm v = 2.0 cm
0.1 s 0.1 s t = (4 – 1) x 0.1 = 0.3 s
= 80.0 cms-1 = 20.0 cms-1

a = 20 – 80 = - 200 cms-2 = - 2 ms-2 -ve : nyahpecutan

0.03
 1 /50 = 0.02 s

Selang masa untuk satu jalur / =

10 x 0.02 = 0.2 s
u = 2/0.2 = 10 cms-1

v = 12 /0.2 = 60 cms-1

t = (11 – 1) x 0.2 = 2.0 s

a = v – u = 60 – 10
t 2.0
= 25 cm s-2
u = 4/0.2 = 20 cms-1 v = 4 + 8 + 12 + 16 + 20 + 24
6 x 0.2
v = 24 /0.2 = 120 cms-1 = 84 = 70 cms-1
1.2
t = (6 – 1) x 0.2 = 1.0 s

a = v – u = 120 – 20
t 1.0
= 100 cm s-2
Distance between the dots are
equal equal:

Type of motion: constant velocity

Distance between the dot increases
uniformly.
The velocity of the object increases
uniformly.
The object is moving at a uniform
acceleration.
Distance between the dot decreases
uniformly.
The velocity of the object decreases
uniformly.

The object is moving at a uniform

deceleration.
 2 cm 14 cm

70 - 10
0.2 s 0.2 s
= 60 cms-1
u=2 u = 14 t = (5 – 1) x 0.2
0.2 0.2 = 0.8 s
= 10 cms-1 = 70 cms-1 a = 60 = 75 cms-2
0.8
at = v - u
Sesaran = halaju purata x masa

Sesaran = [halaju awal + halaju akhir] x masa

2

s = ½ (u + v) t
V = u + at (1)

s = ½ [u + v]t (2)
Gantikan persamaan (1) ke persamaan (2)

s = ½ [u + u + at]t
s = ½ [2u + at]t
s = ½ [2ut + at2]
s = ut + ½ ut2 (3)
Kuasa duakan persamaan (1)

v = u + at (1)

v2 = (u + at)2
v2 = u2 + 2uat + a2t2
v2 = u2 + 2a[ut + ½ at2] s = ut + ½ ut2 (3)

v2 = u2 + 2as (4)
 displacement
Initial velocity
Final velocity
acceleration
v2 = u2 + 2as time
Persamaan / equation s t u v a

v = u + at x √ √ √ √
s = (u + v) t
√ √ √ √ X
2
s = ut + ½ at2 √ √ √ X √
v2 = u2 + 2as √ X √ √ √
u = 0, v = 25, t = 4, a = ?
v = u + at
a = (25 – 0)
4
= 6.25 ms-2
u = 40, v = 50, t = 3, s = ?
s = ½ (u + v)t
= ½ (40 + 50)3
= 135 m
s = 100 m u = 0 t = 9.58 s a = ?
s = ut + ½ at2
100 = ½ a(9.58)2
a = 2.18 ms-2
u = 12 v = 0 s=2 a=?
v2 = u2 + 2as (4)
0 = 144 + 2(a)2
4a = - 144
a = -16 ms-2
(a) u = 4, v = 10, s = 35 t = ?
s = (u + v) t
2
35 = (4 + 10) t
2
t=5s

(b) u = 4, v = 10, t = 5, a = ?
v = u + at
a = (10 – 4)
5
= 1.2 ms-2
u = 0, a = 3, t = 4, s = ?
s = ut + ½ at2
= 0 + ½ (3)(16)
= 24 m
u = 20, t = 5, a = -3, v = ?
v = u + at
= 20 + (-3)(5)
= 5 m/s
u = 40, v = 0 , t = 8 , s = ?
s = (40 + 0) 8 = 160 m
2
the obstacle from the car
after it stops:
180 – 160 = 20 m
u = 0, a = 10, s = 20 cm = 0.2 m

t=?
s = ut + ½ at2
0.2 = 0 + ½ (10)t2
t2 = 0.2/5 = 0.04
t = 0.2 s