COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING

PREPARED BY : BINDU G.C

ROLL NO : 9
BSN 4th year
 COMPUTER
• The word computer is derived from Latin word
‘Computare’ which means ‘to calculate’.
• A computer is an electronic device that accepts data
(in a digital form) and processes it into some
information (useful result) based on program
(sequence of instruction) .
 Contd…
The computer performs basically 5 major functions
• Accepting input in the form of data and instructions.
• Storing of data and information.
• Processing data as required by the user.
• Producing output in the form of meaningful
information
• Controlling all operation inside a computer
 Computer Assisted Learning (CAL)
• CAL describes an educational environment where a
computer program or an application as they are
commonly known is used to assist the user in the
learning a particular subject.
• The key issue is the word assist which means that the
program is not alone in the aim and that there are
other methods involved.
 Contd…
• CAL is to convey a vast amount of information in
a very short period of time.
• CAL is also known as Computer Assisted
Instruction (CAI)
• It improves the quality of what they have learnt.
 Contd…
• By playing and using materials used in DVDs,
mobile phones and other web-based
resources , learning becomes more attractive
and dynamic and offers student entertaining
avenues to showcase their listening and
learning skills.
 Basic Goal of CAL
• The basic goal of CAL is to stimulate and develop the
assimilation/ learning capacity of students, increase
the effectiveness and productivity teachers with the
help of computer based technologies and update
student knowledge to current trend as the most of
the concepts outside the last decade are gradually
getting out of date.
• To develop easily understandable and attractive
tutorials and demonstration of the field they are
employed in.
 Purpose of CAL
• To assess the teaching process.
• To review and reinforce.
• To promote foundation mastery.
• To promote remediation.
• To motivational environment.
 Types of CAL
1. Drill and Practice
2. Tutorial
3. Stimulation
4. Games
5. Multimedia
6. Word processing
7. Programmed instruction
 1.Drill and practice
• It is generally used the same way that work sheets or flash
cards are used in classrooms.
• Drill and practice activities are supplementary to the normal
teaching process.
• The programme requires learners to perform specified task
and give a feedback on their performances.
• Drill and practice software provides exercise in which student
work . Example items once at a time and receive feedback on
their correctness.
 features

• Capture and retain the attention of students.

• Save teachers time and efforts.
• Personalize instructions by meeting individual
differences among learners.
 2.Tutorials
• The tutorial program extends drill and practice by
providing information or demonstration to
learners and then requiring them to perform
some input. It also provides feedback on the
input.
• Historically, the user will be presented with some
information followed by an activity such as
questions, with appropriate feedback with
wrong response.
 features
• Guide the learner throughout learning from
beginning (objective) to the end (evaluation)
• Encourage students to interact, control and
response to the program.
 3.Stimulation
• This means learning about the environment
that may not be for reason of time, expense or
general practically be available to learner to
explore.
• It encourages learning by decision making.
• Role playing stimulation may encourage
learners interest in underlying problems
through this indirect exposure to the model.
Stimulation
 features
• Involve students to learning process.
• Save money and resources.
• Make experiment safe.
• Make impossible situation possible and
controllable.
• Let student repeat event as many times as
they want.
 4.Games
• Instructional games are designed to motivate
learning by adding games rules to learning
activities.
FEATURES
• Make learning fun and motivational.
• Motivate learner via the challenge of
competition.
• Engage the learner in a situation where the
learner is competiting for a high score.
 5. Multimedia
• Programmes that support the interactive use
of text, still images and graphics and
manipulate them to support learning.
FEATURES
 Engage a variety of learning modalities.
 Focus practice of skills that support transfer of
learning.
 6. Word processing
• The creation, input, editing and production of
words in documents and texts to means of a
computer system.
ADVANTAGES
 Time saving
 Better appearance
 Shared methods
 Features

 Storing documents for late use

 Sharing documents for late use
 Checking and correct spelling
 Creating tablets
 7.Programmed Instructions
• It can be described as different way of
presenting materials to be learned.
• Programmed instructions materials are
constructed in learning sequences. The
students actively follow step by step at
his/her own place of learning.
 Types
1. Learning programming
• Students have to participate actively by
making a response.
• They must fill in the blanks, answer a
question , solve a problem, the programme
checks the response by giving the correct
answer.
 Types …
2. Intrinsic programming
• It presents new ideas through a short
discussion of the material to be learned
followed by multiple choice questions
designed to test the points just but very few
programmed materials are suitable nursing
course at the time
 Advantage of CAL
• Reduce workload of teaching
• Improve motivation
• Reach large audience
• Promote interactive learning
• Build confidence among students
• Provide immediate feedback
 Disadvantages of CAL
• It is a mechanical approach
• Mental and physical fatigue
• It is very expensive
• None effective for some applications.
eg:reasoning
• Lack of infrastructure
• Lack of knowledge
• Lack of computer literacy
 Computer in Nursing
• Computer can perform a wide range of activities that
save time and help nurse provide quality nursing care
Uses of computer in clinical practice
a. Admission discharge and transfer
b. Nursing documentation
c. In nursing education
d. Nursing research
e. nursing administration
 Uses…
1. Admission, discharge and transfer
• This allows nurse to obtain basic biographical
information on clients before they arrive to the unit.
• When a discharge or transfer is entered in the
computer all the appropriate departments (eg:
dietary, house keeping, pharmacy) are automatically
notified.
• Information about beds and clients location on the
unit is also readily available.
 Uses…
2. Nursing documentation
• Nursing assessments, clients care plan. Medication,
administration records, nursing notes and discharge
plans are some of the forms of nursing documentation
that are computerized.
• It can store standard nursing care plans in a format
determined by institutions to be used by nurses as the
basis for developing individualized client care plan.
 Uses…
• Computer can perform drug dosage
calculation faster and more accurately.
• Nurses note can be entered quickly by
choosing statement, appropriate for
appropriate for particular client from multiple
pre-programmed choices.
 Contd…
3.In nursing education
• It allows for an individual a self paced
learning.
• It involves interaction between learner and
the computer.
• Computer takes the role of the teacher.
 Uses…
4.Nursing research
Computer facilitates the research process in a number of two
ways:
• Computerized literature searches are a advantage to the
researcher because they saved time and increase the scope of
the search and the number of data base that can be searched.
• Computer can also help researchers collect and analyse data,
prepare research reports and disseminate research findings.
 Uses…
5. Nursing administration
• A number of computer program are designed to
assist nursing administrators.
• Computerized patients classification system can
be used to assign nursing staff based on how
severely ill clients are.
• Clients are assessed on a number of criteria and
their abilities or need for nursing care are rated.
 Uses…
• General computer application software such as word
processing, electronic spread sheets and data based
management system help nurse administrator to
prepare reports and letters, create budget and
maintain personal records and mailing lists.
• Computer can calculate daily the number of nurses
needed on each unit, computer can be used to
schedule. Nurses day off so that an optional number
of nurses are working at one time.
 CD-ROM
• Compact Disk Read Only Memory is an optical
device which is the most popular and widely used
storage.
• Nowadays, CDs are most frequently used for storing
program music, film, games or data files or personal
computer.
• A compact disk containing permanently stored data
that cannot be altered.
CD-ROM
 Contd…
Size and capacity of CD-ROM
• Standard CDs have a diameter of 4.7 inch, 1.2mm
thick made up of poly carbonate plastic and can hold
data of 700MBs.
• Compact disk is far cheap and easy to handle.
USES
• Data storage
• Educational purpose
• entertainment
 Advantages of CD-ROM
• Large storage capacity compared to floppy –type media
• Portability
• Data cannot be changed
• Cheap easy to handle
• Secure interest
• Draws attention
• Transmit information quickly to large number of people
• Helps to explain facts, ideas and processes more clearly
• Helps in retention of what is learnt
 Contd…
• Useful for illiterates too.
• Helps in providing knowledge.

DISADVANTAGES
• Data error is frequent
• Can be broken if dropped
• May scratch the disc
• Student may take it only for the entertainment
• One way communication
 Floppy Disc
• A floppy disc is also called diskette is a disk storage
medium composed of a disk of thin and flexible
magnetic storage medium, sealed in a rectangular
plastic carrier lined with fabric that removes dust
particles.
• A floppy disk is coated with a magnetic material and
covered by a protective jacket used for storing data
magnetically. They are used as secondary or backup
memory.
Floppy disc
 Contd…
Sizes
• Different sizes of floppies are 3,5.25 inch and 8 inch in
diameter
• The protective cover of 33.5 inch floppy is hard plastic
whereas that of 5.25 inch floppy is soft plastic .

PURPOSE
• To store data
• To transfer files
• To backup of data
• To installation of programmes
 Contd…
ADVANTAGES
• Floppy disk are cheap
• It is long lasting
• Easy to transport and handle

DISADVANTAGES
• It has low storage capacity
• Its data are slow to transfer
• It is necessary to carefully handle
 INTERNET
• The internet is a network of network
• It is also called net
• Information can be accessed on thousands of topics
• Message or information sent or received on the internet is in
the form of files such as text, graphics, videos, voice and
computer programme.
• A means of connecting a computer to any other computer
anywhere in the world via dedicated routers and servers.
 PURPOSE
• Tutorials
• Distance learning
• Researching
• Best practices and lesson plan
• Communication
• Studying
• Playing games
• Selling things
• Entertainment
• Buying things
 Scope of internet
a. E-mail
• E-mail is known as electronic mail and is most
widely used feature of internet
• E-mail basically is a file that is sent from one
computer to another through a network.
 Contd…
b. Chatting
• It helps to communicate with people
anywhere in the world by sending and
receiving ,messages in real time .
• Chat room is the hub of internet chatting. A
chat room is actually a computer that allows
many persons to log on at the same time.
 Contd…
c. Search engine
• It is the software that searches a particular piece of
information according to the specified criteria.
• We can just log in to any search engine and get
required information without much effort and
wastage of time.
• Some popular search engine are google, Netscape.
 Contd…
d. E-learning
• It is an electronic learning and it is mode of
acquiring knowledge by the means of internet
and computer based training programme.
• E-learning may be knowledge based, online
support based, synchronous based,
asynchronous based.
 contd…
e. Entertainment
• Apart from doing serious works on the
internet we can also entertain ourselves by
availing its entertainment services.
• The concept of distributing such
entertainment services originated from the
popularity of the kazaa.com website that
offered free music to its subscribers.
 Advantages
• Messages can be transmitted in a few seconds
• Message can be sent at anytime of the days as per sender
convenience.
• Helps in communication with one or more person at a time.
• In e- learning students study on their self at home, offices and
communicate via e-mail, chat room, instant messaging
• We can download music and videos too for the entertainment
purpose
• Helps in generating new ideas with various of references
 Disadvantages
• Reduces the creative learning process.
• Every place may not have internet access.
• While downloading the contents some unnecessary
stuff may be downloaded along .
• May be an expensive way of communication or
teaching learning media.
 Audio Casettee
• A combination of pre- recorded audio tapes, usually
a cassette and appropriate 35mm slides is called a
multimedia presentation.
• The tape track or channel is recorded with the
narration and the change signal is recorded on the
remaining channel.
• After the tape and slide are coordinated , the
audience hears the narration while the recorded
synchronizer sends a command to the projector and
changes the slides at appropriate place in the
narration.
Casettee
 Technique of using tape recorder
• It can be used in direct group teaching followed by
discussion. In the beginning introduction should be
given by the health educator about the subject of
teaching.
• During the teaching period the health educator can
pause the tape wherever or whenever needed in
order to explain the point.
• The teaching programme should not exceed more
than 30min including the discussion.
 CHARASTERISTICS
• Emotional impact
• Through combined effect of voice environmental sound and
music, the students internet can be captured and good record
carries the emotional overtones of speakers
• Authenticity
• Student knowledge of subject can be enriched by listening to
experts discuss the topic under study; recording can bring
outside world into the classroom.
• One way communication
• Clarification of the concept
 Advantages
• Commonly available aids, economical to use
as it can be erased and reused.
• Easy to operate.
• Valuable recording can be restored for reuse.
• Provides flexibility for teacher to edit and
evaluate material.
• On spot events can be recorded and played.
 Contd…
• Being a kind of voice mirror, tape recorder
can be used for improving spoken language
as a training or corrective tools for speech
modulation.
• Makes lesson enjoyable when used with
other visual aids.
• It is portable
 Disadvantages
• No personal contact with speaker
• Fixed sequence
• Does not monitor attention
• Listening for a long time generally distracts
 references
• Shrestha Rina (2015), A Textbook of Educational Science in
Nursing, Vidyarthi Pustak Bhandar
• Neeraja KP. (2013) Textbook of Nursing Eduaction. Zaypee
Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, India