SSD - UNIT- II

SSD - UNIT- II

Outline
Controlled Rectifier Fed DC Drives
Three Phase
Two-quadrant

Four-quadrant

References

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 SSD - UNIT- II
Power Electronic Converters
for DC Drives
Speed Control Strategy:
below base speed: Va control
above base speed: flux control via Vf control
Power electronics converters are used to obtain variable
voltage
Highly efficient
Ideally lossless
Type of converter used is depending on voltage source :
AC voltage source  Controlled Rectifiers
Fixed DC voltage source  DC-DC converters

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 SSD - UNIT- II

Controlled Rectifier Fed DC Drives

To obtain variable DC voltage from fixed AC source
DC current flows in only 1 direction
Example of a drive system

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Vector Diagram of SSD - UNIT- II

3 Phase Supply Voltages

V CN

120
0
vRN  v AN
V AN
120
0
vYN  vBN
0
120
vBN  vCN
V BN
 SSD - UNIT- II
Controlled Rectifier Fed
– Three-phase DC Drives 

Two-quadrant drive Q2 Q1
Limited to applications up to 1500 kW
Q3 Q4 T
Regeneration (Q4) only be achieved with loads that can
drive the motor in reverse (-ve )

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 SSD - UNIT- II

3  / 2
Vo ( dc )   vab d 
  / 6 
3  / 2  
  3 Vm sin     d
  / 6   6
3 3Vm
 cos 


3  / 2 2 2  
  / 6
Vo ( rms )  3Vm sin     d
 6 
1 3 3
 3 Vm  cos 2
2 4

Figure 10.5
Reference:
Rashid, M.H, Power Electronics:
Circuit, Devices and Applictions,
3rd ed., Pearson, New-Jersey, 2004
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 SSD - UNIT- II
Controlled Rectifier Fed
ia
– Three-phase DC Drives +
For continuous current: 3-phase
supply Va
Armature voltage

3VL-L, m
Va  cos a

3VL-L, m
where VL-L, m = peak line-to-line voltage 
Armature current Va  Ea
Ia 
Ra 
90o 180o
3VL-L, m
Field voltage
Vf  cos  f
 
3VL-L, m

(assuming a three-phase supply is used for
field excitation)
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SSD - UNIT- II

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SSD - UNIT- II

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Three phase Semi converter

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SSD - UNIT- II

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SSD - UNIT- II

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 SSD - UNIT- II
Controlled Rectifier Fed
– Three-phase DC Drives 
Four-quadrant drive
Converter 1 for operation in 1st and 4th quadrant Q2 Q1
Converter 2 for operation in 2nd and 3rd quadrant Q3 Q4 T
Ia +ve, Ia -ve,
Va +ve or -ve Va +ve or -ve
Converter 1 Converter 2

+
ia
3-phase 3-phase
supply Va
supply


Two rectifiers
connected in anti-
parallel across
motor armature
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 Controlled Rectifier Fed SSD - UNIT- II

– Three-phase DC Drives
Four-quadrant drive +
ia
For continuous current:
Va
3VL L , m
Va  cos  a
 

Converter 1 Converter 2
where VL-L, m = peak line-to-line voltage.
 Similar to single-phase drive:  a1   a 2  

Converter 2: Converter 1:
90   a 2  180  0   a1  90
Ia -ve, Ia +ve,
 a1     a 2 Va +ve Va +ve  a 2     a1
Q2 Q1
T
Q3 Q4

0   a 2  90 Converter 2: Converter 1: 90   a1  180

Ia -ve, Ia +ve,
 a1     a 2  a 2     a1
Va -ve Va -ve
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 SSD - UNIT- II
Controlled Rectifier Fed
– Three-phase DC Drives
For continuous current:
 Armature current I  Va  Ea
a
Ra
3VL-L, m
 Field voltage Vf  cos  f

L1
Disadvantages:
+ ia
 Circulating current
 Inductors L1 and L2 Va
added to reduce
circulating currents 

 Slow response
L2
Converter 1 Converter 2

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 SSD - UNIT- II
Controlled Rectifier Fed 

– Three-phase DC Drives Q2 Q1
Four-quadrant drive Q3 Q4 T
One controlled rectifier with 2 pairs of contactors
M1 and M2 closed for operation in 1st and 4th quadrant
R1 and R2 closed for operation in 2nd and 3rd quadrant

ia R1
M1
ia
3-phase
supply
+ Va -
R2 M2

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Rectifier Fed DC Drives Problems

1. Distortion of Supply
Controlled rectifier introduces harmonics to supply currents
and voltages which cause:
 heating and torque pulsations in motor
 resonance in power system network – interaction between rectifier
RL with capacitor banks in system
Solution - eliminate most dominant harmonics by:
 install LC filters at input of converters – tuned to absorb most
dominant harmonics (i.e. 5th and 7th harmonics)
 Use 12-pulse converter – consists of two 6-pulse controlled
rectifiers connected in parallel
 Selective switching of supply input using self-commutating devices
(eg. GTOs, IGBTs) in the converter

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 SSD - UNIT- II

Rectifier Fed DC Drives Problems

12-pulse converter – consists of two 6-pulse controlled rectifiers
connected in parallel

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Rectifier Fed DC Drives Problems

2. Low supply power factor
Power factor related to firing angle  of rectifier
Low power factor especially during low speed operations
Solution:
 Employ pulse-width modulated (PWM) rectifiers using GTOs,
IGBTs
 Highpower factor
 Low harmonic supply currents

 Low efficiency - high switching losses (disadvantage)

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 SSD - UNIT- II

References
Rashid, M.H, Power Electronics: Circuit, Devices and
Applictions, 3rd ed., Pearson, New-Jersey, 2004.
Dubey, G.K., Fundamentals of Electric Drives, 2nd ed., Alpha
Science Int. Ltd., UK, 2001.
Krishnan, R., Electric Motor Drives: Modeling, Analysis and
Control, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 2001.
Nik Idris, N. R., Short Course Notes on Electrical Drives,
UNITEN/UTM, 2008.
Ahmad Azli, N., Short Course Notes on Electrical Drives,
UNITEN/UTM, 2008.

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Thank you

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