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Drying Process

This document discusses drying processes for solids and provides details on: 1) Drying involves removing a solvent, usually water, from a solid material to reduce the residual liquid content to an acceptable level. 2) Common drying methods include air drying, contact drying, vacuum drying, and freeze drying. 3) Drying equipment includes tray dryers and other dryer types. Experiments aim to determine drying rates for wet solids dried with air of fixed temperature and humidity. 4) Moisture content is expressed as a ratio of water mass to bulk mass and typically decreases over time in a drying process, with an initial constant rate period, then a falling rate period as drying slows.

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Muhammad Alghitany
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404 views

Drying Process

This document discusses drying processes for solids and provides details on: 1) Drying involves removing a solvent, usually water, from a solid material to reduce the residual liquid content to an acceptable level. 2) Common drying methods include air drying, contact drying, vacuum drying, and freeze drying. 3) Drying equipment includes tray dryers and other dryer types. Experiments aim to determine drying rates for wet solids dried with air of fixed temperature and humidity. 4) Moisture content is expressed as a ratio of water mass to bulk mass and typically decreases over time in a drying process, with an initial constant rate period, then a falling rate period as drying slows.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Alghitany
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Drying process

Dr Ghada kadry
Drying of Solids

Drying is a process of removal of relatively small amount of a solvent (usually


water) from a solid material to reduce the content of residual liquid to
acceptable level
Drying processes

- Air and contact drying under atmospheric pressure

- Vacuum drying: vaporization is facilitated by lower pressure

- Freeze drying: the materials is brought to the freezing point, the


solvent is then sublimed off
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQ7y6Kvjd5Y
Drying equipment:
Dryer types:
Aim of experiment
 To produce drying and drying rate for a wet solid being dried
with air of fixed temperature and humidity

tray drier
Moisture content

 Water content or moisture content is the quantity of water contained in a


material, such as soil (called soil moisture), rock, ceramics, fruit, or wood.
Water content is used in a wide range of scientific and technical areas, and is
expressed as a ratio, which can range from 0 (completely dry) to the value of
the materials.
 Gravimetric water content is expressed by mass (weight) as follows:

 where mw is the mass of water and mb is the bulk mass.


Theory
 The moisture content (X) of Figure 1
a wet solid is measured in
terms of the weight of
moisture per unit weight of
dry material.
 When a wet material of
initial moisture content Xi is
dried in a tray dryer, the
typical variation of moisture
content with time is shown
in Figure 1
Figure 2

 A plot of the rate of drying


i.e. (-dX/dt) vs the moisture
content X, shows a pattern as
shown in Figure 2.
 Here it can be seen that
initially there is a sudden
increase in the drying rate
along the line ABC followed
by approximately a constant
rate of drying c until a
moisture content of Xc is
reached at D.
Figure 2

 After D a remarkable drop in


the rate of drying is seen until
a point E is reached at which
point the rate of drying is
nearly zero
 The point C is called the
critical point
 and the value Xc is called the
critical moisture content.
 The point E is called the
Equilibrium point and the
value Xe is called the
equilibrium moisture content
Drying processes: Air/water systems

Drying system

Warming up

Constant rate t
system

Falling rate
system N H 2O

Moisture content
procedure
 Weight two empty pans
 Fill the two pans with dry
sand and weight them
 Pour some water on the two
pans but avoid excessive
free water and weigh them
again
 Turn on the heater and air
pump, both at medium
position
procedure
 Record time versus the total weight for at least 2hours. Record
the weight every three minutes in the first 30 minutes, then
every 5minutes in the next 30 minutes, then every 10 minutes
in the 2nd hour
Time min Weight of wet sand Moisture content Rate of drying
after drying
CALCULATION
 Draw the curve of moisture content versus time
 Rate of drying versus moisture content
 Slope y2-y1/x2-x1
 Moisture content on Y axis

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