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w10b Types of Collisions

v1' = v1 - (1+e)(m1(v1-v2))/(m1+m2) v2' = v2 + (1+e)(m1(v1-v2))/(m1+m2)

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81 views

w10b Types of Collisions

v1' = v1 - (1+e)(m1(v1-v2))/(m1+m2) v2' = v2 + (1+e)(m1(v1-v2))/(m1+m2)

Uploaded by

api-535482465
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Collisions

Ramon S. Morales, Ph.D.


“Always strive for excellence;
never settle with mediocrity.”

Reference: College Physics


OpenStax
Rice University
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
A) Name the three types of collision.
B) Describe in qualitative and quantitative terms the
types of collisions:
Elastic, Inelastic, and Perfectly Inelastic.

2
Types of Collisions:
Elastic Collision
Perfectly Inelastic Collision
Coefficient of Restitution:

•e =
 
e=
e=1 Elastic Collision (v1 – v2 = v2 - v1)
1>e>0 Inelastic Collision
e=0 Perfectly Inelastic collision
Exercises:
Situation 1:
An 8.0-kg cart traveling at 2.0 m/s collides with a 2.0-kg cart traveling
at 4.0 m/s in the opposite direction. After collision, the heavier cart
recoiled at 0.4 m/s while the lighter cart recoiled at 5.6 m/s.
a) Is momentum conserved in the collision?
b) Determine their kinetic energies before and after collision. Is kinetic
energy conserved?
c) What type of collision occurred?
a) Momentum of the carts before collision:
m1v1 + m2v2 = (8.0 kg)(2.0 m/s) + (2.0 kg)(-4.0 m/s)
= 16.0 kg m/s - 8.0 kg m/s
= 8.0 kg m/s
Momentum of the carts after collision:
m1v1' + m2v2' = (8.0 kg)(-0.4 m/s) + (2.0 kg)(5.6 m/s)
= -3.2 kg m/s + 11.2 kg m/s
= 8.0 kg m/s
b) Kinetic energy of the carts before collision:
½ m1v12 + ½ m2v22 = ½ (8.0 kg)(2.0 m/s)2 + ½ (2.0 kg)(-4.0 m/s)2
= 16 J + 16 J
= 32 J
Kinetic energy of the carts after collision:
½ m1v1’2 + ½ m2v2’2 = ½ (8.0 kg)(-0.4 m/s)2 + ½ (2.0 kg)(5.6 m/s)2
= 0.64 J + 31.36 J
= 32 J
c) Both linear momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.
The collision is an elastic collision!
Situation 2:
An 8.0-kg cart traveling at 2.0 m/s collides with a 2.0-kg cart traveling
at 4.0 m/s in the opposite direction. After collision, the heavier cart
recoiled at 0.3 m/s while the lighter cart recoiled at 5.2 m/s.
a) Is momentum conserved in the collision?
b) Determine their kinetic energies before and after collision. Is kinetic
energy conserved?
c) What type of collision occurred?
a) Momentum of the carts before collision:
m1v1 + m2v2 = (8.0 kg)(2.0 m/s) + (2.0 kg)(-4.0 m/s)
= 16.0 kg m/s - 8.0 kg m/s
= 8.0 kg m/s
Momentum of the carts after collision:
m1v1' + m2v2' = (8.0 kg)(-0.3 m/s) + (2.0 kg)(5.2 m/s)
= -2.4 kg m/s + 10.4 kg m/s
= 8.0 kg m/s
b) Kinetic energy of the carts before collision:
½ m1v12 + ½ m2v22 = ½ (8.0 kg)(2.0 m/s)2 + ½ (2.0 kg)(-4.0 m/s)2
= 16 J + 16 J
= 32 J
Kinetic energy of the carts after collision:
½ m1v1’2 + ½ m2v2’2 = ½ (8.0 kg)(-0.30 m/s)2 + ½ (2.0 kg)(5.2 m/s)2
= 0.36 J + 27.04 J
= 27.4 J
c) Linear momentum is conserved but kinetic energy is not conserved.
Some kinetic energy was lost. The collision is an inelastic collision!
Situation 3:
An 8.0-kg cart traveling at 2.0 m/s collides with a 2.0-kg cart traveling
at 4.0 m/s in the opposite direction. After collision, the carts move
together to the right at 0.80 m/s.
a) Is momentum conserved in the collision?
b) Determine their kinetic energies before and after collision. Is kinetic
energy conserved?
c) What type of collision occurred?
a) Momentum of the carts before collision:
m1v1 + m2v2 = (8.0 kg)(2.0 m/s) + (2.0 kg)(-4.0 m/s)
= 16.0 kg m/s - 8.0 kg m/s
= 8.0 kg m/s
Momentum of the carts after collision:
(m1 + m2)V = (8.0 kg + 2.0 kg)(0.80 m/s)
= 8.0 kg m/s
b) Kinetic energy of the carts before collision:
½ m1v12 + ½ m2v22 = ½ (8.0 kg)(2.0 m/s)2 + ½ (2.0 kg)(-4.0 m/s)2
= 16 J + 16 J
= 32 J
Kinetic energy of the carts after collision:
½ (m1 + m2)V2 = ½ (8.0 kg + 2.0 kg)(0.80 m/s)2
= 3.2 J
c) Linear momentum is conserved but kinetic energy is not conserved.
A significant amount of kinetic energy was lost. The two bodies that
collide stick together after collision - a perfectly inelastic collision!
Solving for final velocities,
 
for elastic collisions:

Conservation of linear momentum:


m1 v1 + m2 v2 = m1 v1’ + m2 v2’
The relative velocities for perfectly elastic collision:
v1 – v2 = v2’ – v1’
Work with a partner! Using these two equations,
solve for the final velocities, v1’ and v2’.
 
Solving for final velocities,
for elastic collisions:
Final velocities in terms of e

 
Conservation of momentum: m1 v1 + m2 v2 = m1 v1’ + m2 v2’
Coefficient of restitution, e: e =
The final velocities are:

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