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Comsats University Islamabad (Wah Campus) : English Presentation TOPICS: The Sentence (Definition, Parts & Kinds)

The document provides information about sentence types in 3 paragraphs: 1) It defines what a sentence is and its two main parts: the subject and the predicate. It gives examples of subjects and predicates. 2) It describes 6 types of sentences according to meaning: declarative, interrogative, imperative, exclamatory, optative, and conditional sentences. It provides examples of each type. 3) It discusses 4 types of sentences according to clauses: simple sentences, compound sentences, complex sentences, and compound-complex sentences. It defines what an independent and dependent clause is and gives examples of each sentence type.

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Fatima Fayyaz
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79 views14 pages

Comsats University Islamabad (Wah Campus) : English Presentation TOPICS: The Sentence (Definition, Parts & Kinds)

The document provides information about sentence types in 3 paragraphs: 1) It defines what a sentence is and its two main parts: the subject and the predicate. It gives examples of subjects and predicates. 2) It describes 6 types of sentences according to meaning: declarative, interrogative, imperative, exclamatory, optative, and conditional sentences. It provides examples of each type. 3) It discusses 4 types of sentences according to clauses: simple sentences, compound sentences, complex sentences, and compound-complex sentences. It defines what an independent and dependent clause is and gives examples of each sentence type.

Uploaded by

Fatima Fayyaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

(WAH CAMPUS)

ENGLISH PRESENTATION
TOPICS: The Sentence (Definition, Parts & Kinds)
.

Presented to: Sir Noor Saeed


Presented by: Class BS SE (C1)

Group Members:
1- Fatima Fayyaz (FA20-BSE-112)
2- Ayesha Bibi (FA20-BSE-115)
3- Syed Rizwan (FA20-BSE-104)
THE SENTENCE
• A group of words which makes complete sense, that is, which expresses a
definite and complete idea.

A Sentence has 2 parts:

1- SUBJECT 2- PREDICATE
• The part of a sentence that names the • The group of words or word which
person or thing we are talking about. says something about the subject
• The subject is doer of an action & is called the predicate.
represents what or whom the
EXAMPLES: • A predicate must contain a verb
sentence is about. (action word).
• It has no fixed position in a sentence. • It comprises all that is not part of
the subject.

Examples:
1- He went to school. * Subject
2- The boy ran home. * Predicate
3- On the top of the hill lives a hermit. * Verb
TYPES OF SENTENCES
.
• .
According to Meaning According to Clauses

There are of 6 kinds: These are of 4 kinds:


1. Declarative Sentences 1. Simple Sentences
2. Interrogative Sentences 2. Compound Sentences
3. Imperative Sentences 3. Complex Sentences
4. Exclamatory Sentences 4. Compound-Complex
5. Optative Sentences Sentences
6. Conditional Sentences
SENTENCE TYPES ACCORDING TO MEANING
1. DECLARATIVE / ASSERTIVE SENTENCES:
• These sentences make statements or assertions.
• They can state a fact or an opinion or they simply affirm or deny
something.
• Ends with a period / full-stop. (.)
• The usual word order for a declarative sentence is:
Subject + Verb + Object + Place + Time
Examples:
Subject Verb Object Place Time
(Who?) (Which Action?) (What?) (Where?) (When?)

Positive Many people walk their dogs in the park on Sundays.


Sentence

Negative Many people do not walk their dogs in the park on Sundays.
Sentence
2- INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES:
• These sentences asks a question or enquire about
something.
• Ends with a question mark or interrogation mark (?).
• Usual word order is:
Question word + Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb + ?

Examples:
Question Word Auxiliary verb Subject Main Verb

Do you speak English?

When does the movie start?


3- IMPERATIVE SENTENCES:
• These sentences express commands, requests or prohibition.
• The subject is usually not stated in the sentence.
• They usually end with a period (.) but can occasionally end with an
exclamation mark (!).
• They are sometimes referred to as directives because they provide
direction to whoever is being addressed.
Function Examples
1- Command/ Order Be quiet.
I need you to sit down now!
2- Request Please sit down.
Please lend me your pen for a minute.
3- Instruction Take two tablets every morning after breakfast.
4- To issue an invitation Come for dinner on Friday.
5- Prohibition Do not smoke.
6- Advice To improve your English, read as much as you can.
4- EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES:
• These sentences makes a statement that conveys strong
emotion, excitement or surprise.
• They usually end with an exclamation mark (!).
• Examples:

What a beautiful dress! Alas! We lost the match.


(expresses surprise) (expresses sorrow)

Wow! That’s great news! You are late again!


(expresses joy) (expresses anger)
5- OPTATIVE SENTENCES:
These sentences express some wish.
Examples:
• May you live long.
• May you succeed in the examination brilliantly.
• May you be always successful.

6- CONDITIONAL SENTENCES:
They are used to express a condition or to indicate dependencies
between events.
Examples:
• If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam.
• You would have gotten wet if it had rained.
SENTENCE TYPES ACCORDING TO CLAUSES

There are 4 types of sentence constructions in English


according to clauses:
1. Simple Sentences
2. Compound Sentences
3. Complex Sentences
4. Compound-Complex Sentences

Clause:
A group of words which forms part of a sentence, and
contains a subject and a verb.
Example: They have done the job.
1- SIMPLE SENTENCES
• Composition: One independent clause (main clause which
contains Subject + Verb) and expresses a complete thought.
• A simple sentence has only one finite verb.
• A simple sentence can also be referred as “independent clause”
because it has its own subject & predicate.
• Identification: Contain only one verb & is an independent clause
i-e, it can stand alone.
• Examples:
1- We took shelter in a cave.
Subject + Predicate
2- The rich peasants, living in a village in Sheikhupura used to
assemble at the Tehsil to discuss matters.
3- Last night, I ate dinner at a restaurant with my brother and sister.
2- COMPOUND SENTENCES:
• Composition: Two or more independent clauses.
• Basic elements:
 Comma (,)
 Semi colon (;)
 Coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS).
• The coordinating conjunctions are:
FANBOYS

For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So


Example:
1- Jack did not eat fat, and his wife would not eat lean.
Independent clause + coordinating + Independent clause
Independent clause + coordinating + Independent clause
conjunction
conjunction

2- The moon was bright and we could see our way.


3- I was feeling hungry, so I made myself a sandwich.
3- COMPLEX SENTENCES
• Composition: One Independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
• A dependent clause (subordinate clause) is formed by a subordinating
conjunction followed by a clause.
• A dependent clause may either precede or follow the independent clause.
• Subordinating conjunctions are used at the beginning of dependent clauses
and provides a transition between two ideas in the same sentence. They
include: while, whether, as, whenever, when, until, since, because, as, after,
if, etc.

• Examples:
1- I will join you for lunch after I wash my hands.
Independent clause++Subordinating
Independent clause Subordinating++ Dependent clause
Dependent clause
conjunction
conjunction
2- They rested when evening came.
3- As the boxers advanced in to the ring, the people said they would
not allow them to fight.
4- COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCES

• A compound-complex sentence has two or more independent


clauses and at least one dependent clause.
• These sentences are combinations of compound and complex
sentences.

• Examples:
1- The baby slept and dreamed, and the mother watched while the rain fell.
*Independentuse
clause *Conjunction *Dependent clause

2- Although I like to go camping, I haven’t had the time to go lately, and I


haven’t found anyone to go with.

3- I went to the kitchen before I sat down but my husband visited the facilities
after he watched the movie.
.

Thank you!

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