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Information Security: Access Control

This document discusses various methods of access control, including: 1. Compromise recording, which records intrusions rather than preventing them through sophisticated measures. 2. Access control matrices define permissions through a table of subjects and objects. This allows fast determination of rights but does not scale well. 3. Access control lists define lists of subjects and their rights for each object. This uses less space than matrices but does not efficiently show a subject's rights. 4. Capabilities take a subject-centered approach, defining for each subject the objects and rights they have. This is easy for administrators but requires searching all capabilities to determine an object's access rights. 5. Role-based access

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Tehmoor Amjad
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34 views

Information Security: Access Control

This document discusses various methods of access control, including: 1. Compromise recording, which records intrusions rather than preventing them through sophisticated measures. 2. Access control matrices define permissions through a table of subjects and objects. This allows fast determination of rights but does not scale well. 3. Access control lists define lists of subjects and their rights for each object. This uses less space than matrices but does not efficiently show a subject's rights. 4. Capabilities take a subject-centered approach, defining for each subject the objects and rights they have. This is easy for administrators but requires searching all capabilities to determine an object's access rights. 5. Role-based access

Uploaded by

Tehmoor Amjad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Information Security

Access Control

1
Compromise recording
• This principle states that sometimes it is more
desirable to record the details of an intrusion than
to adopt more sophisticated measures to prevent it.
– Internet-connected surveillance cameras are a typical
example of an effective compromise record system that
can be deployed to protect a building in lieu of
reinforcing doors and windows.
– The servers in an office network may maintain logs for
all accesses to files, all emails sent and received, and all
web browsing sessions.

2
Topic: 2. Access Control
• Users and groups • Which users can
• Authentication read/write which files?
• Passwords • Are my files really safe?
• File protection • What does it mean to be
• Access control lists root?
• What do we really want
to control?

12/14/2020 Introduction 3
Cont.
Access control
prevention of the unauthorized use of a
resource, that is this service controls
- who can have access to a resource
- under what condition access can occur
- and what those accessing are allowed to
do

4
Access Control Matrices
• A table that defines permissions.
– Each row of this table is associated with a subject, which is
a user, group, or system that can perform actions.
– Each column of the table is associated with an object,
which is a file, directory, document, device, resource, or
any other entity for which we want to define access rights.
– Each cell of the table is then filled with the access rights for
the associated combination of subject and object.
– Access rights can include actions such as reading, writing,
copying, executing and deleting.
– An empty cell means that no access rights are granted.

5
Example Access Control Matrix

• Adv:
– Fast and easy determination for access control rights
– Provide a simple visual way
• Disadv:
– What will happen when it grow
– n subject, m object then n.m cells
– Server have 1000 subjects (users) and 1,000,000 objects
(which are files and folders)
6
Access Control Lists
• It defines, for each object, o, a list, L, called o’s access
control list, which enumerates(Computes) all the
subjects that have access rights for o and, for each
such subject, s, gives the access rights that s has for
object o.
/etc/passwd /usr/bin/ /u/roberto/ /admin/

root: r,w root: r,w,x root: r,w,x root: r,w,x


mike: r mike: r,x roberto: r,w,x backup: r,x
roberto: r roberto: r,x backup: r,x
backup: r backup: r,x

7
Cont.
• Advantage:
– Less size as compare to access control matrices
• Size of ACL is proportional to No. of non empty cell in ACM
– ACL of the object is store as metadata with its object
• System only need to consult the ACL of that object
• Disadvantage:
– Do not provide the efficient way to see the access
control right of a given subject,
• Each object’s list must be accessed

8
Capabilities
/etc/passwd: r,w,x; /usr/bin: r,w,x;
root /u/roberto: r,w,x; /admin/: r,w,x

• Takes a subject-centered
approach to access
control. mike /usr/passwd: r; /usr/bin: r,x

• It defines, for each


subject s, the list of the /usr/passwd: r; /usr/bin: r;
objects for which s has roberto /u/roberto: r,w,x

nonempty access control


rights with specific right
/etc/passwd: r,x; /usr/bin: r,x;
backup /u/roberto: r,x; /admin/: r,x

9
Cont.
• Same advantage in space over access control
matrix as the access control list
• Easy for admin to quickly determine access
right for a give subject
• When s request for o, system need to read
only the capabilities of s
• The only way to determine the access right of
object o is to search all the capabilities

10
Role-based Access Control
• Define roles and then specify access control
rights for these roles, rather than for subjects
directly.
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Manager Manager Administrator TA TA

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Personnel Personnel Faculty Student

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