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Communication Protocol: by Dr. M. Raja

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Anurag Rana
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24 views

Communication Protocol: by Dr. M. Raja

Uploaded by

Anurag Rana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Communication Protocol

By
Dr. M. Raja
It provides a medium for the exchange of data and information
between various Avionics subsystems

Integration of Avionics subsystems in military or civil aircraft

set of formal rules and conventions governing the


control of interaction among the systems

Low level protocols define the electrical and physical


standards

High level protocols deal with the data formatting,


including the syntax of messages and its format
Protocol
• Many protocols are taken from computer networks

• Connection oriented protocols


• CSMA/CD
• CSMA/CA
• Polling
• Token passing
• TDMA
• Binary countdown
Protocol overview
Connection oriented protocols

• 2 nodes per each connection only


• If nodes are not directly connected, data is relayed
• Deterministic delay between directly connected nodes,
high delay for indirectly connected nodes
Connection oriented protocols cont.
• Suitable to systems with low communication requirements.
• Node with pass-through traffic can be fully occupied.
• E.g. telephone network service
Polling

• Simple and deterministic


• Needs a master node
• Master periodically polls slave nodes
• Consumes bandwidth
• E.g. military aircraft communication
• Simple slave nodes, complex master
Time Division Multiple Access
(TDMA)

• Masters broadcasts sync signal to synchronise all clocks


• Then each node sends data on its time slot.
• Similar but more efficient than polling (synchronise once vs
polling all nodes individually.
• more complex nodes due to timing requirements.
TDMA cont.
• Fixed length messages (inflexible)
• E.g. satellite communications
.

Token ring

• Ring shape network


• Token (signal) is passed from node to node
• Node can hold token, send message all the way round the ring,
and pass token on
• Deterministic under heavy load
• E.g. many Wide Area Networks (WANs)
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with
Collision Dectection (CSMA/CD)

• Nodes wait for idle channel before transmitting.


• When simultaneously transmission is detected, each
node stops and waits for random time before
resending.
CSMA/CD cont.
• Easy to add or take off new nodes without
initialization and configuration
• Low overhead at light traffic
• Unbound overhead at heavy traffic (messages keeps
colliding)
• Requires detection circuit
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision
Avoidance (SCMA/CA)
CSMA/CA cont.
• Hybrid between light traffic efficiency of CSMA/CA and
heavy traffic efficiency of token-based protocols.
• Nodes waits for free network before sending.
• When collision happens, jam signal is sent to notify all
nodes, synchronises clocks and start contention time
slot.
• Unique time slot is assigned to each node
• Rotate time slot for fairness
• Network return to normal state when all slots are
unused.
CSMA/CA cont.
• Variations
• Reservation CSMA – no. of slots equal to no. of nodes
• Not practical if networks has many nodes.
• No. of slots less than no. of nodes – randomly allocate slots to nodes.
Media access comparison [5]
Basic network architectures
P1 P2 P1 P2

memory
P3 P4
P3 P4

P1 P2
P1 P2
Internet

P3 P4 P3 P4
Complex distributed architecture
MOST ® (Media Oriented System
Transport) is a serial communication
system for transmitting audio, video and
control data via fiber-optic cables.
Internal External
Wireless Wireless
GREEN CAN
Communication Communication
System System
LIN
HMI Gateway
MOST
Tuners Playback Audio
Audio
Audio
modules
Audio
modules
modules
module
Local Interconnect Network RED CAN
Once the equipments are standardized, equipments are
easily Available, Maintainable, reinstalled and
reconfigured (Interchangeability)

Standardization of equipments are based on the


document Military Standard (MIL-STD) and Aeronautical
Radio Inc. (ARINC) specifications and Reports

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