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Math/Numeric Functions: - Power /pow - Round - Truncate - Mod - SQRT

This document contains information about various SQL functions categorized into math/numeric functions, string functions, and date functions. It also discusses SQL clauses like ORDER BY, GROUP BY, and HAVING. It provides examples of using these clauses to sort and group query results. It concludes with examples of SQL queries using these clauses and functions to analyze employee salary data from a database table.

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Avi Dahiya
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46 views

Math/Numeric Functions: - Power /pow - Round - Truncate - Mod - SQRT

This document contains information about various SQL functions categorized into math/numeric functions, string functions, and date functions. It also discusses SQL clauses like ORDER BY, GROUP BY, and HAVING. It provides examples of using these clauses to sort and group query results. It concludes with examples of SQL queries using these clauses and functions to analyze employee salary data from a database table.

Uploaded by

Avi Dahiya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Math/Numeric Functions

• Power()/pow()
• Round()
• Truncate()
• Mod()
• Sqrt()
String Functions
• Ucase()/Upper()
• Lcase()/Lower()
• Length()
• Trim()
• Ltrim()
• Rtrim()
• Left()
• Right()
• Mid()/Substring()/Substr()
• Instr()
Date Functions
• Now()
• Date()
• Month()
• MonthName()
• Year()
• Day()
• DayName()
ORDER BY, GROUP BY, HAVING
SORTING OF RECORDS
• ORDER BY:- Used to arrange the records in
ascending/descending order.
• Eg:-
• SELECT * FROM STUDENT ORDER BY MARKS;
OR

• SELECT * FROM STUDENT ORDER BY MARKS ASC;


• Keywords ASC and DESC denotes the order.
• By default ORDER BY clause sorts the result set in
ascending order.
Ordering Data on Multiple Columns

• We can specify the column names in order by


clause along with desired order.
• SELECT * FROM STUDENT ORDER BY MARKS
ASC, NAME DESC;
• The above statement will sort the records
firstly on the column MARKS and then on the
basis of descending order of column NAME.
GROUP BY
• GROUP BY clause:-It combines all those records that have identical
values in a particular field or a group of fields.
• Eg:- SELECT COUNT(ROLLNO) FROM STUDENT;  7
• SELECT COUNT(ROLLNO), STREAM from student GROUP BY STREAM;
 COUNT(rollno) STREAM
3 SCIENCE
2 COMMERCE
2 HUMANITIES
• SELECT COUNT(*), SUM(marks) FROM STUDENT GROUP BY STREAM;
• COUNT(*) SUM(MARKS)
3 240.00
2 180.00
2 150.00
HAVING clause
• HAVING:- Used to give conditions on groups
• WHERE:- Used to give condition on individual
rows.
• In WHERE conditions cannot include aggregate
functions so we use HAVING.
• To calculate the average marks of students of
science stream
SELECT AVG(marks) from STUDENT GROUP BY
STREAM HAVING STREAM=“SCIENCE”;
Practice
Q.1Write a query to display Sum, Average,
Highest and Lowest salary of employee from
emp table.
• SELECT SUM(SAL), AVG(SAL), MAX(SAL),
MIN(SAL) FROM EMP;
Q.2 Write a query to display Sum, Average,
Highest and Lowest salary of the employee
grouped by department number.
SELECT SUM(SAL), AVG(SAL), MAX(SAL), MIN(SAL)
FROM EMP GROUP BY deptno;
• Q.3 Write a query to display the number of
employees with same job.
• SELECT COUNT(*), job FROM emp GROUP BY
job;
• Q.4 Write a query to display the difference of
highest and lowest salary of each department
having maximum salary>50000
• SELECT MAX(sal)- MIN(sal) from emp GROUP
BY deptno HAVING max(sal)>50000;
Assignment
• Page no 274-275 Do Q.1 to 14(Solved
questions)
• Page 285 Q.1 to Q.9(Unsolved questions) in
your class register.

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