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Database Administration & Management

This document discusses database administration and management. It provides an overview of database concepts including entity integrity, domain integrity, referential integrity, and cardinality. It also discusses how to create tables in Oracle and defines the roles of data administration and database administration. Key responsibilities of database administrators are also outlined such as installing and upgrading databases, tuning performance, and managing security, backup, and recovery.

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Farhad Muhammad Riaz
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
128 views

Database Administration & Management

This document discusses database administration and management. It provides an overview of database concepts including entity integrity, domain integrity, referential integrity, and cardinality. It also discusses how to create tables in Oracle and defines the roles of data administration and database administration. Key responsibilities of database administrators are also outlined such as installing and upgrading databases, tuning performance, and managing security, backup, and recovery.

Uploaded by

Farhad Muhammad Riaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database Administration & Management

Lecture: 02
Database Concepts
Farhad Muhammad Riaz
University Institute of Information Technology (UIIT)

[email protected]
 Integrity constraints
 Entity Integrity
 Domain Integrity
 Referential integrity
 Insertion rule
 We cannot enter value in child without entering in parent/ owner
 Deletion rule
 We cannot delete value from parent without deleting from child
 Cardinality in database
 Null/ optional
 Mandatory
Example Database
How to create table in Oracle
CREATE TABLE schema_name.table_name (
column_1 data_type column_constraint,
column_2 data_type column_constraint,
...
table_constraint
);
 
Example
 
CREATE TABLE ot.persons(
person_id NUMBER GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY,
first_name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
last_name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(person_id)
dept_id NUMBER , -- fk
CONSTRAINT fk_Department_persons FOREIGN KEY( dept_id )
REFERENCES department( dept_id )
ON DELETE CASCADE
);
 
 
CREATE TABLE ot.Department(
dept_id NUMBER GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY,
dept_name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
dept_loc VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(dept_id)
);
 
Data/Database Administration
 Data Administration
 a high-level function that is responsible for the overall management of data
resources in an organization, including maintaining corporate-wide
definitions and standards
 headed by a data administrator (DA)
 a senior-level manager selected from within the organization rather than a technical
computer expert
 requires high level of both managerial and technical skills
 Database Administration
 a technical function that is responsible for physical database design and for
dealing with technical issues such as security enforcement, database
performance, and backup and recovery
 Database administrator (DBA) in charge
 requires broad technical background; managerial skills also critical
8
Data Administration Functions
 Data policies, procedures, standards
 Policies: e.g., “Every user must have a password”
 Procedures: e.g., backup and recovery procedures
 Standards: e.g., naming conventions
 Planning
 understand the information requirements of the organization and be able to
contribute to the development of the information architecture
 Data conflict resolution
 resolve data ownership issues
 Internal marketing of data standards
 reduce resistance to change and data ownership problems
 Managing the information repository
 contains the metadata
 used by users, CASE tools, applications, DBMS
9
Database Administration Functions

 Selection of hardware and software


 Installing and upgrading the DBMS
 Tuning database performance
 Improving database query processing performance
 Managing data security, privacy, and integrity
 Data backup and recovery

Note: Vast majority of time spent by DBA are on tuning database performance
and improving database query processing time.
10
WHAT IS DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR ?

A database administrator is a person responsible for the


• installation
 configuration
 upgradation
 administration
 monitoring and maintenance of databases.
Primary Roles Of DBA
 Database design
 Database accessibility
 Performance issues
 Capacity issues
 Data replication
 Table Maintenance
WHY DBA IS POPULAR ?
 Data is essential for the operation of any organization.
 Database are created to organize these data.
 Better the design and utility of database, the better is the
organization.
 For a better database, we need a skilled database administrator
to manage data properly.
SKILLS REQUIRED

 Knowledge of Structured Query Language.


 Database designing.
 Understanding of distributed computing architectures.
 Knowledge of underlying operating system
e.g. Windows Server 2003, Solaris, etc.
 Knowledge about the RDBMS itself e.g. Microsoft SQL Server,
Oracle, etc.
 Ready to face challenges and solve them quickly.
Hierarchical Level Of DBA’s
 Data Analysts/Query designers
 Junior DBA
 Midlevel DBA
 Senior DBA
 DBA consultant
 Manager/Director of Database Administration.
DBA Functional Organization

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