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Politics - Lesson 2

The document discusses various political ideologies including liberalism, conservatism, socialism, social democracy, communism, fascism, religious fundamentalism, feminism, and environmentalism. It provides definitions and key characteristics of each ideology, such as liberalism supporting individualism, freedom, and limited government intervention, while conservatism seeks to preserve traditions and implement gradual change. Socialism advocates public ownership over private property and communism is a more extreme left-wing version based on Marxism.

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Andrea Ibañez
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86 views

Politics - Lesson 2

The document discusses various political ideologies including liberalism, conservatism, socialism, social democracy, communism, fascism, religious fundamentalism, feminism, and environmentalism. It provides definitions and key characteristics of each ideology, such as liberalism supporting individualism, freedom, and limited government intervention, while conservatism seeks to preserve traditions and implement gradual change. Socialism advocates public ownership over private property and communism is a more extreme left-wing version based on Marxism.

Uploaded by

Andrea Ibañez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Political Ideologies

Political Ideology
● Antoinne Destutt de Tracy coined the Ideology during the French
Revolution.
● Ideologie(according to Tracy) is a “science of ideas” from a literal
term idea-logy.
● Beliefs – are people’s assessment of reality and what they hold to
be true.
● Values – are people’s idea about right and wrong.
● Political Ideologies – could be seen as commitments in order to
change political system.
Distinguished Ideologies from
Ideas
❖ Comprehensiveness – covers ideas pertaining to many great matters
such as, human beings place in universal domain, the highest goals of
society and government and the best means of achieving the highest
social and political objectives.
❖ Pervasiveness – the set of ideas has not only been known for a long
time but has shaped the political beliefs and actions of many people.
❖ Extensiveness – the set of ideas is held by a large number of people
and plays a vital role in nations and states political affairs.
❖ Intensiveness – the set of ideas commands a strong commitment from
many of its adherents and significantly influences political beliefs and
actions.
Characteristics of Ideology
➢ Ideologies have their levels end in –ism

➢ Ideologies provide an explanation for problems but confronts


modern societies by providing futuristic visions.

➢ Ideology is action- oriented.

➢ Ideologies mobilize a large number of people.


Features of Ideology
➢ It offers an account of the existing order, usually in the of a ‘ world
view’.

➢ It advances a model of the desired future, a vision of the good


society.

➢ It explains how political change can and should be brought about –


how to get from the two other features.
Intellectual Components of an
Ideology
➢ Values

➢ The vision of the Ideal Polity

➢ The conception of the Human Nature

➢ The strategy of Action

➢ Political Tactics
Political Ideologies
1. Liberalism (The Left)
– “liber” which means “free men”
- a view that sees more need for change and improvement in social
relations requiring governmental involvement and that society must be
free, free from government interventions.
Set of Values and Beliefs of
Liberalism
1. Individualism - it is the belief in the supreme importance of the individual over
any social group or collective body.

2. Freedom – the ability to think or act as one wishes, a capacity that can be
associated with the individual, a social group or a nation.

3. Reason – gives human beings the capacity to take charge of their own lives
and fashion their own destinies.

4. Justice – is a moral standard of fairness and impartiality. It is as well denotes


giving what is due to each person.

5. Toleration – willingness to accept views or action with which one is in


disagreement.
Liberalism
❏ Classical Liberalism – subscribed to egotistical individualism; have
a belief in negative freedom and have a broadly positive view of civil
society.
❏ Neoliberalism – the state are constantly interacting with each other
and that they value cooperation as part of their own interest.
Political Ideologies
2. Conservatism (The Right)
- the term “conservatism” derived from the term conservation. It is a
political philosophy that tend to support the status quo and
advocates change only in moderation upholding the value of
tradition and seeks to preserve all that is good about the past.
Political Ideologies
3. Socialism
- derived from “socialist” meaning to combine or to share.
- is an economic and political doctrine advocating governmental
ownership and direction of production and services but would retain
existing institutions as the means of regulating.
“ The supreme principle of socialism is that man takes precedence
over things, life over property and hence work over capital; that
power follows creation and not possession; that man must not be
governed by circumstances, but circumstances must be governed
by man”. - Erich Fromm
Political Ideologies
4. Social Democracy
- it is a moderate or reformist brand of socialism that favor the
balance between the market and the state rather than the abolition
of capitalism.

- become welfare states that focus on improvement of living


conditions such as unemployment and medical insurance, generous
pension and subsidized food and housing.
Political Ideologies
6. Fascism

- derived from fasces, which means a bundle of rods with an axe-blade


protruding that signified the authority that magistrates in Imperial Rome.
- is a movement that stands outmoded, repressive social and political
condition rejecting democracy, repudiates constitutionalism and stresses that
all values arise from the state against which the individual has no rights.
- Salient Features of Fascism
➢ Totalitarianism
➢ Nationalism
➢ Anti- liberalism
➢ Militarism
➢ Violence Leadership
Political Ideologies
5. Communism
- it is an economic, social and political system seeking government
ownership of the means production and services directed by a
process of scientific administration and universal assent.

- it is an extreme left wing ideology, based on the revolutionary


teachings of Karl Marx, characterized by collective ownership and
planned economy.
Political Ideologies
7. Religious Fundamentalism
- fundamentalism from Latin word fundamental, meaning base.
- it is associated with inflexibility, dogmatism, authoritarianism or
worst violence. It is characterize by a rejection of the distinction
between politics and religion.
Themes of Religious Fundamentalism
➢ Religion as politics
➢ The fundamentalist impulse
➢ Anti- modernism
➢ Militancy
Political Ideologies
8. Feminism
- derive from Latin word femina meaning female or woman,
concerned with the attainment of gender equality in the political,
economic and social spheres of life.
- the basic idea of feminism: that woman experience a poor state in
society as consequence of the patriarchy, male domination of
women should be overthrown.
Political Ideologies
9. Environmentalism
- an ideology focusing on the idea that environment is endangered and
must be preserved through regulation and lifestyle changes.
- its concern is about the natural environment and particularly about
reducing environmental degradation that is more policy Ideologies
Political Ideologies
9. Environmentalism
- an ideology focusing on the idea that environment is endangered and
must be preserved through regulation and lifestyle changes.
- its concern is about the natural environment and particularly about
reducing environmental degradation that is more policy Ideologies
Thank you for the
effort in studying
- Ma’am Andrea
the lesson!

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