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Immediate Physiological Changes in New Born

The document discusses the immediate physiological changes in newborns after birth. These include respiratory changes as the newborn must begin breathing air instead of receiving oxygen through the umbilical cord. Circulatory changes also occur as the fetal circulatory system restructures and the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale close. Neurological and digestive systems undergo changes to adapt to extrauterine life, such as the development of primitive reflexes and the need for frequent, small feedings due to the immature stomach and liver.

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1K views7 pages

Immediate Physiological Changes in New Born

The document discusses the immediate physiological changes in newborns after birth. These include respiratory changes as the newborn must begin breathing air instead of receiving oxygen through the umbilical cord. Circulatory changes also occur as the fetal circulatory system restructures and the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale close. Neurological and digestive systems undergo changes to adapt to extrauterine life, such as the development of primitive reflexes and the need for frequent, small feedings due to the immature stomach and liver.

Uploaded by

LahunWanniang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IMMEDIATE

PHYSIOLOGICAL
CHANGES IN NEW BORN
INTRODUCTION
• During the process of birth, the baby has to
face many physiological and environmental
changes which produces stress in the new
born.
• The neonate needs to adjust to extra uterine
life to maintain normal physiological activity.
1.RESPITATORY CHANGES:
Soon after birth changes occur in the blood gases and blood
PH.
The level of carbon dioxide is increased in the blood and the
PH is decreased.
These chemical changes excite the respiratory center.
Also, thermal stimulus that is due to sudden chilling of infant
as he comes out of the warm womb, excites sensory impulses
in the skin that bare sent to the respiratory center.
Along with these impulses, when baby passes through the
reproductive tract during labor, the chest of the fetus is
compressed which removes fluid accumulated in the lungs.
To replace the fluid lost, air enters the lungs and respiration
is facilitated.
2. CIRCULATORY CHANGES:
Soon after baby’s birth blood starts flowing through
the lungs due to pressure changes in lungs, heart and
major vessels.
The changes in the heart after birth include functional
closure of fetal shunts- foramen ovale, ductus
arteriosus and ductus venosus
Once lungs expand

Inspired oxygen dilates the pulmonary vessels

This decreases pulmonary vascular resistance

Increase pulmonary blood flow

This decreases pressure in the right side of the heart and pulmonary arteries
Cord clamping leads to rise in
systemic vascular resistance due
to blood volume in placenta

Pressure in the left side of the heart increases

Blood flows from high pressure to low pressure

Blood circulation through the fetal shunts is reversed


CIRCULATORY
CHANGES
3. NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM:
At birth, the nervous system is sufficiently developed
to sustain extra uterine life.
Most neurologic functions are primitive reflexes.
The role of autonomic nervous system is crucial
during transition as it stimulates respiration, helps
maintain acid base balance and regulates temperature
partially.
Myelination of nerves occur following cephalo caudal
and proximo- distal pattern which leads to mastery of
fine and gross motor skills.
4.DIGESTIVE SYSTEM:
The neonate is born with rooting, sucking and swallowing reflexes which help in
taking feed.
Increased amount of saliva is secreted in the first two months
Cardiac sphincter of stomach is immature leading to regurgitation and frequent
vomiting in new born.
The neonates stomach capacity is about 90ml and emptying time is short so
they require small frequent feeds.
The neonates liver is immature.
It stores less glycogen so neonate has higher risk of hypoglycemia.
Bilirubin conjugation is also affected due to immature liver so physiological
jaundice is common in the new born
The neonates first stool is meconium which is sticky and greenish black in color

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